l e c a n o -l b o i d e e i [ g y a l e c t a
slightly bluish then wine-red with iodine.—Mudd Man. p. 166,
t. 3, f. 5 9 ; Leight. Angio. Lich. p. 33, t. 13 f. 1. Lichen
cupularis Ehrh. Beitr. iv. p. 45 (1789); Dicks. Crypt fasc. u
p 18 ; With. Arr. ed. 3, iv. p. 22 (excl. hab. on trees ). Lwhen
liarmoreus With. I. c. (1796) (excl. hab. “ v S
Bot. t. 739. Lecidea cupularis Ach. Meth. p. 56 (1803), pU
in Nat. Hist. Bev. vi. p. 525 ; Cromh. Lich Brit. p. 62 Leight.
Lich. FI. p. 352; ed. 3, p. 381. L. marmórea Kch. ^ n ^ p . 46 (1814)
Hook, in Sm. Engl. El. v. p. 184 (1833); Hook. El. Scot ii. p. 40
(excl. hab. “ on tr e e s ”) ; S. E. Gray Nat. Arr. i. p 4 /3 ; Tayl.
in Mackay El. Hib. ii. p. 129 (excl. hab. “ on trees )•
Lxsicc. Leight. n. 122 ; Mudd n. 139; Cromh. n. 76 ; Larb.
Lich. TTh. n. 186 j Johns, n. 329.
A species not rightly discriminated by the earlier British authors
from o L or more of its corticolons allies. The thallus, which often
spreads extensively, is occasionally almost evanescent The numerous
but not crowded apothecia are at first closed and subglobose, becoming
at length explánate and concave; their margin is frequently radiato-
rugose, especially in muscioolous examples.
Hab. On rooks, chiefly calcareous, and on mortar of walls, rarely
overspreading mosses, in maritime, upland, and subalpme localities.
Distr. General and usually plentiful, where it occurs m most parts of
Great Britain; apparently rarer m N. and S. Ireland iw also
in the Channel Islands.—A. M. Eozel, Jersey; Kymyal Cliff, neai
Penzance, Cornwall; Bathampton Downs, Somerset; Halhng HiU,
near Lewes, Sussex ; Breda Hill, Leicestershire; Whiteoliffe Eocks,
near Ludlow, and Craig-y-Ehiw, Oswestry, Shropshire; Bilsdale
and Guisboro’ Moor, Cleveland, Yorkshire ; Teesdale, IH rh am , Lamplugh,
Cumberland; Island of Lismore and Appm House, Argyll,
Craig Calliaoh, Ben Lawers, and Craig Tulloob, P e rth sh ire ; Cuchullm
Hills, Isle of Skye; Craig Guie and Morrone, Braemar, A h e rd e ^ h ire ,
Grogans Glen and Colin Glen, near Belfast, Antrim; Ballaghbeama
Gap! K erry; Ballynahinoh and near Erriff, Connemara, Galway.
3. G. foveolaris Schser. Enum. p. 94 (1850).—Thalli^ effuse,
granulóse or subleprose, whitish or greyish-white ( K - , C aC l- ) ,
Apothecia moderate or somewhat large, urceolate, flesh- or pale-
rose-coloured, the margin thin, entire or subcrenulate, paler ;
hypothecium colourless; paraphyses not well d isc re te ; spores
8nate, oblongo-ellipsoid, 3-septate, 0,018-21 mm. long, 0,006-
7 mm. th ic k ; hymenial gelatine bluish then sordid with iodine.
Urceolaria foveolaris Ach. Meth. p. 149 (1803). Lecidia foveolaris
Nyl. in Mém. Soc. Cherb. v. p. 119 (1857) ; Carroll m Journ.
Bot. iv. p. 23 (1866); Cromh. Lich. Brit. p. 6 2 ; Leight. Lich.
El. p. 334; ed. 3, p. 359.
Externally subsimilar to musoicolous states of the preceding, but
quite distinct in the septation of the spores. As already noticed
(Part I. p. 458) it also very much resembles, in the lorm of tne
apothecia and the spores, Leccmora rubra, from which, however, it at
once differs in the absence of a distinct thalline margm. The apothecia
are numerous but discrete.
g y a l e c t a ] LECIDEACBiE
Hab. Incrusting decayed mosses on the ground in subalpine and
alpine regions.— Sparingly in Yorkshire and on the Grampians,
Scotland. B. M. Craig Calliach, Ben Lawers and Killin, Perthshire:
Morrone, Braemar, Aberdeenshire.
4. G. g-eoica Ach. Lich. Univ. p. 31 (1810).—Thallus effuse,
thin, subpulverulent, greyish ( K - , C aC l- ) . Apothecia minute,
urceolate, more or less immersed, pale yellowish-flesh-coloured,
the margin entire, persistent, w h itish ; hypothecium p a le ; paraphyses
somewhat coherent, clavate a t the apices; spores 8nate,
oblong or ellipsoid, 3-septate, usually 0,012-15 mm. long, 0,006-7
mm. th ic k ; hymenial gelatine bluish then sordid-violet with
iodine.— G. Wahlenbergiana Ach. Syn. p. 9 (1814) ; Leight.
Angio. Lich. t. 13. f. 2. G. foveolaris Mudd Man. p. 167 (1861)
(non Schier.). Lichen geoicus Wahlenb. in Vet. Ak. Handl. p. 142,
t. 4. f. 5 (1806). Lecidea geoica Nyl. in Mem. Soc. Cherb. v!
p. 119 (1857); Cromh. Lich. Brit. p. 62 ; Leight. Lich. El p. 333 ■
ed. 3, p. 359. ^
Lxsicc. Leight. n. 123.
Closely related to the preceding, with which a t times it has been
confounded, but differs in tbe much smaller fructification and the
shorter _ spores. The disc of the numerous at times aggregate
apothecia often collapses in age, so th at, as in other plants of this
section, they appear whitish from the colour of the hypothecium.
Hab. On calcareous soil among rocks and on wall-tops in upland
rarely maritime situations.— Very local in England and the
Highlands of S c o tla n d .-13. M. Cromer, NorfoUi; Stiperstones and
Whiteoliffe Rooks, near Ludlow, Shropshire; Barcaldine, Argyll;
Craig Calliach and Ben Lawers, P e rth sh ire ; Morrone, Braemar,
Aberdeenshire.
5. G. truncigena Hepp Elecht. Eur. n. 27 (1853).—Thallus
effuse, very thin, subleprose, greyish, often evanescent (K —,
CaCl — ). Apothecia small, urceolate, pale reddish flesh-coloured,
the margin thick, entire, w h itish ; hypothecium colourless;
spores 8nate, ohlongo-fusiform or oblong, 5-7-septate, usually
with one or two longitudinal septules, 0,016-23 mm. long,
0,007-9 mm. th ick ; hymenial gelatine pale-bluish with iodine.—
Mudd Man. p. 167, pro parte. G. Wahlenbergiana var. trun-
cigena Ach. Lich. Univ. p. 152 (1810). Lecidea truncigena Nyl.
in Mem. Soc. Cherb. v. p. 119 (1857); Cromh. Lich. Brit. p. 62;
Leight. Lich. El. p. 352 ; ed. 3, p. 381.
Lxsicc. Leight. n. 147; Larb. Lich. Hb. n. 188.
This plant was _ with the following confused by earlier authors
under the name Lichen marmoreus with L. cupularis, to states of
which it is externally subsimilar. I t differs, however, in the smaller
apothecia, the mode of division of the rather longer spores, and in
the nature of the substratum. In the British specimens the thallus
is often little visible, and the apothecia are somewhat scattered.
Hab. Cn the trunks of trees, chiefly elms and ash, in wooded
maritime and upland tracts.—Distr. Sparingly in England and S.