thecia small, a t first plane with thin entire margin, a t length
convex and immarginate, b la c k ; paraphyses incrassate a t the
apices ; epithecium blackish ; hypothecium dark-reddish ; spores
bacilliform, straight or slightly curved, 3-7-septate, 0,027-40
mm. long, 0,0025-30 mm. th ic k ; hymenial gelatine pale-blue
then wine-red with iodiue.—Lichen muscorum Weber Spicil.
Goett. p. 183 (1778)?; Swartz Meth. Muse. p. 36 (1781);
Relhan FI. Cantab, p. 424 with fig.; With. Arr. ed. 3, iv. p. 7
pro parte; Engl. Bot. t. 626 (spermogoniiferous). Lecidea muscorum
Ach. Meth. p. 33 (1803) pro p a rte ; Hook, in Sm. Engl. El. v.
p. 177 pro p a rte ; Leight. Lich. El. p. 342 ; ed. 3, p. 370.
L. bacillifera subsp. muscorum Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 74.
Exsicc. Leight. n. 190; Mudd n. 152; Larb. Lich. Hb.
n. 273 ; Johns, n. 340.
Differs from the preceding, to which it is closely related, in the
colour of the paraphyses and of the epithecium, and more especially
in the habitat.
Hab. Incrusting mosses on the ground and on boulders in maritime
and upland situations.—Distr. Not unfrequent in England; rare in
N. Wales, the S.W. Highlands of Scotland, S. Ireland, and the
Channel Islands.—B. M. Quenvais, Jersey; Shanklin, I. of Wight;
near Hay Tor, Dartmoor, Devon ; St. Merryn, Cornwall; Patcham,
Sussex; Shiere, Surrey; Beeleigh, Essex; Bathampton Downs and
Claverton Downs, Somerset ; Tenby, Pembrokeshire; Gogmagog
Hills, Cambridgeshire; Thetford Warren, Norfolk; Shiffnal, Shropshire
; Whitman’s Hill, near Malvern, Worcestershire; Dolgelly,
Merioneth ; Kedcar, Cleveland, Yorkshire ; Windermere, Westmoreland
; Appin and Ballachulish, Argyll; Glen Fender, Blair Athole,
Perthshire; Blarney, Cork ; Croghan, Killarney, Kerry.
22. B. atrosanguinea Th. Fr. Lich. Scand. p. 354 (1874).—
Thallus effuse, very thin, granulose, pale or whitish (K —,
CaCl —), often little visible. Apothecia small, plane, thinly
margined, black or blackish; paraphyses thickish, often bluish
a t the apices ; hypothecium reddish-brown ; epithecium somewhat
blackish; spores acicular, 3-7-septate, 0,022-44 mm. long,
0,0025-35 mm. thick ; hymenial gelatine bluish then wine-red
with iodine.—Biatora atrosanguinea Hepp Flecht. Eur. n. 286
(1857). Lecidea subincompta Nyl. in Flora xlviii. p. 147 (1865);
Cromb. in Grevillea xxii. p. 59.
Scarcely to be distinguished from B. muscorum except in habitat.
There is no specimen in our British collection, but it has probably
been overlooked, as it is common on the continent. B. incompta var.
atrosanguinea Mudd Man. p. 184 may be a synonym, but a specimen
in the herbarium so named by him is identical with B. incompta.
Hab. On the bark of trees.
Subsp. oribata A. L. Sm.—Thallus thinly subgranulose-
verrucose, greyish-brown. Spores 3-5-septate, 0,023-40 ram.
long, 0,003-4 mm. th ic k ; otherwise as in the species.—Lecidea
oribata Nyl. in Flora Ivii. p. 16 (1874) ; Leight. Lich. FI. ed. 3,
p. 372. L. subincompta subsp. oribata Cromb. in Grevillea ii.
p. 141 (1874) & xxii. p. 59. Specimen not seen.
Apparently, as Nylander himself says, only a subspecies differing
chiefly in the more developed thallus and the rather smaller spores.
Hab. On the ground among schistose rooks in a mountainous
region. Collected by Dr. Stirton on Ben Lawers, Perthshire.
23. B. circumpallens A. L. Sm.—Thallus effuse, thin, rimóse,
pale-greyish. Apothecia small, plane or subconvex, brownish-
black or brownish-red, the margin pale, a t length excluded,
within colourless ; paraphyses thickish, somewhat lax ; epithecium
vaguely dark or almost colourless ; hypothecium colourless ; spores
fusiform or fusiform-acicular, straight, 3-septate, 0,018-25 mm.
long, 0,0020-35 mm. thick ; hymenial gelatine pale-bluish then
wine-red with iodine.—Lecidea circumpallens Nyl. in Flora xlix.
p. 370 (1866); Carroll in Journ. Bot. v. p. 255 (1867) ; Leight.
Lich. FI. p. 336 ; ed. 3, p. 358. L. bacillifera var. circumpallens
Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 74 (1870); subsp. circumpallens Cromb. in
Grevillea xxii. p. 58 (1893).
Hab. On clayey soil.—Distr. Eare in W. Ireland.—B. M. Boss
and Kilkee, Clare.
24. B. atrogrisea Arnold in Flora xli. p. 505 (1858).—
Thallus determinate or subeffuse, thin, rimulose or granulose,
greyish-white or greenish-grey. Apothecia sessile, or adnate,
a t first plane with thick, smooth margin, a t length somewhat
convex, the margin excluded, black or purplish-black, within
white or whitish ; paraphyses slender, subdiscrete, clavate and
blackish a t the apices ; epithecium infúscate (K + purplish-
violet) ; hypothecium colourless ; spores elongate-acicular, 3-15-
septate, straight or slightly curved, 0,040-70 mm. long, 0,003-5
mm. thick ; hymenial gelatine bluish then sordid wine-red with
iodine.—Mudd Man. p. 183. Biatora atrogrisea Delise ex Hepp
Flecht. Eur. n. 26 (1853). Lecidea luteola f. endoleuca Nyl. Bot.
Not. 1853, p. 98 ; var. endoleuca Nyl. in Act. Soc. Linn. Bord.
ser. 3, i. 1856 p. 360. L. endoleuca Nyl. ex Carroll in Nat.
Hist. Rev. 1859, p. 527; Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 74 ; Leight.
Lich. FI. p. 340 ; ed. 3, p. 367.
Exsicc. Carroll Lich. Hib. n. 23 ; Leight. n. 90 (as Biatora
premnea) ; Larb. Lich. Hb. n. 349 ; Johns, n. 341.
Hab. On naked or mossy trunks of trees, rarely on stems of ivy,
in maritime and upland situations.—Distr. Here and there in
England, apparently rare in Scotland, more frequent in Ireland.—
B. M. Kelvedon, Ulting and Hockley, Essex ; near Lewes, Selhaiu,
Mount Harry and near Hastings, Sussex ; near Lyndhurst, New
Forest, Hants ; Ilsham Walk, Torquay, Devon ; Withiel, Cornwall ;
Bathampton Downs, Somerset ; Oakley Park, Cirencester, Gloucestershire
; Twycross, Leicestershire ; Hollybush Hill, Malvern, Worcestershire
; Nannau and Dolgelly, Merioneth ; near Shrewsbury,
Shropshire ; Airyholme Wood, Cleveland, Yorkshire ; Barcaldine,