Form latypiza A. L. Sm.—Thallus subcinereous, effuse (K +
yellow, CaCl — ).—L. parasema subsp. latypiza Nyl. in Bull. Soc.
Linn. Norm. ser. 2, vi. p. 310 (1872); y&v. latypea i. latypiza
Leight. Lich. FI. ed. 3, p. 270 (1879).
Differs from the type in the colour reaction and in the somewhat
greyer more effuse thallus.
Hah. On rooks.—A. M. Twelve Pins, Connemara, Galway (the only
locality).
82. L. suhlatypea Leight. Lich. FI. p. 271 (1871).—Thallus
effuse or subdeterminate, subareolate or unequally granular and
scattered, greyish-white (K —, CaCl — ) ; hypotballus black,
visible a t intervals and giving the whole lichen _ a dark
appearance. Apothecia small, sessile, concave, blackish, with
a thickish somewhat shining, entire margin ; hypothecium
blackish-brown ; paraphyses not well discrete, dark bluish-green
or brownish-black a t the tips ; spores ellipsoid or oblong-ellipsoid,
0,010-12 mm. long, 0,004-6 mm. th ic k ; hymenial gelatine deep
blue with iodine.—Cromb. in Journ. Bot. ix. p. 178 (1871);
Leight. Lich. FI. ed. 3, p. 271. L. latypodes Nyl. in Flora Iv.
p. 356 (1872) ; Cromb. in Journ. Bot. xi. p. 134 (1873).
Exsicc. Cromb. n. 88.
Externally somewhat resembles L. latypea, though with a thinner
and darker thallus ; also distinguished by the smaller spores and by
the negative ohemioal reactions of the thallus.
Hah. On schistose rocks.—Aisir. Somewhat rare in mountainous
regions of Wales and Scotland.—A. M. Llyn Aran, Cader Idris,
Merioneth ; Glen Fender and Craig Tulloch, Blair Athole and Ben
Lawers, Perthshire ; Achosragan Hill, Argyll ; Glen Callater,
Braemar, Aberdeenshire.
83. L. goniophila Schær. Enum. p. 127 (1850).—Thallus
effuse, thin, granulose-rimulose, greyish or brownish (K + yellow,
CaCl — ). Apothecia black, small, numerous, crowded or
scattered, sessile, plane, with a th in margin, becoming convex
and immarginate ; hypothecium colourless or yellowish ; paraphyses
loosely coherent, greenish-black or brown a t the tips, the
green colour sometimes permeating downwards ; spores ellipsoid,
0,012-16 mm. long, 0,006-8 mm. thick ; hymenial gelatine blue
then sordid-wine-red with iodine ; spermatia straight, 0,011-15 mm.
long, 0,0005-6 mm. thick {fide Nyl. Lich. Env. Paris, p. 91
(1896)).—Mudd Man. p. 202; Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 78 (under
L. parasema). L. immersa var. goniophila Floerke in Berl.
Mag. iii. p. 311 (1809). L. pungens Leight. Lich. FI. ed. 3,
p. 251 (1879) (cf. Nyl. in Flora Ixiv. p. 188 (1881) ). L. parasema
var. enteroleuca Nyl. Lioh. Scand. p. 217 (1861) pro parte.
L . enteroleuca Leight. Lich. El. p. 265 (1871); ed. 3, p. 263
(non Ach.). Biatora pungens Koerb. Par. Lich. p. 161 (1865).
Exsicc. Mudd. n. 172; Leight. n. 330.
Differs from A. latypea in the much thinner, more furfuraceous
thallus, and in the usually almost colourless hypothecium. Acharius’
species A. enteroleuca (Lich. Univ. p. 177 (1810)) grows on trees and
is included under A. parasema var. elceochroma.
Hah. On rocks and stone walls.—Distr. Frequent in all parts of
the British Isles.—A. M. St. Lawrence, Isle of Wight; Ardingly
Books, St. Leonard’s Forest, Sussex; Ulting, Essex; near Bath,
Somerset; Cirencester, Gloucestershire; Llandyssil, Cardinganshire ;
near Oswestry and Tong Priory, Shropshire ; Barmouth and Dolgelly,
Merioneth; Capel Curig, C arnarvonshire; Shawswell, Gloucestershire;
Ayton, Cleveland and near Battersby, Yorkshire ; Lamplugh,
Cookermouth, Cumberland; Glen Tilt, Craig Calliach and Craig
Tulloch, Blair Athole, Pe rthshire; Barcaldine, A rgyll; near Kylemore,
Connemara and Lough Cooter, Galway.
Var. ¡3 acervata Mudd Man. p. 202 (1861).—Thallus effuse,
greyish-white, granular, the granules becoming more or less
pulverulent and greenish-yellow. Apothecia small, aggregated
into clusters of 4 to 20, a t first plane and marginate, becoming
convex and immarginate; paraphyses lax, black a t the tips.
Exsicc. Mudd n. 173.
Hah. Cn rocks and stones in mountainous districts.—A. M.
Frequent at Higholiff, Cleveland, Yorkshire (the only locality).
84. L. iiiserena Nyl. in Flora, Iii. p. 84 (1869).—Thallus
thickish, cinereous, grey, rimose-areolate or areolate-granulose,
the areolse plane, often occurring as scattered granules on a
black hypotballus. Apothecia black, plane or slightly convex;
hypothecium colourless, with an opaque white stratum in the
lower portion ; paraphyses indistinct, blackish-olive a t the tip s ;
spores ellipsoid, oblong, 0,014-17 mm. long, 0,006-8 mm. th ick ;
hymenial gelatine blue, the asci becoming violet-coloured, with
iodine.—Cromb. in Journ. Bot. vii. p. 107 ; Lich. Brit. p. 8 5 ;
Leight. Lioh. FI. p. 278 ; ed. 3, p. 280.
Resembling somewhat tumid forms of L. tenehrosa, but well
distinguished by the colourless hypothecium.
Hab. Cn granite rocks.—Distr. Very rare on the Grampians,
Scotland.—A. M. Ben Lawers, Perthshire ; Craig Guie and Morrone,
Braemar, Aberdeenshire.
85. L. viridans Koerb. Syst. Lich. Germ. p. 242 (1855).—
Thallus effuse, thin, minutely granulose, yellowish-green or
sordid-greenish (Kf + yellowish, CaCl — K(CaCl) + orange-red);
hypotballus evanescent. Apothecia small, innate-sessile, a t first
plane, and thickly margined, a t length convex and submarginate,
black, sometimes greenish-suffused ; hypothecium yellowish;
paraphyses subdiscrete, dark-greenish above; spores ellipsoid-
oblong, small, 0,009-12 mm. long, 0,006-8 mm. th ic k ; hymenial
gelatine bluish with iodine.—Leight. Lich. FI. ed. 3, p. 271.
L. sahuletorum var. viridans Flot. in Flora xi. p. 697 (1828).
Exsicc. Leight. n. 331 ; Larb. Lich. Hb. n. 307.