atrorufum S. P. Gray Nat. Arr. i. p. 461 (1821). Psora atrorufa
Hook, in Sm. Engl. Bot. v. p. 192 (1833); Mudd Man. p. 171.
The thallus, which varies somewhat in colour according to situation,
becomes in age more verruoose in the centre. The apothecia,
usually somewhat scattered, are occasionally here and there confluent
and difform.
Hah. On peaty and gravelly soil, very rarely on naked schistose
boulders in mountainous regions.—Distr. Only in N. England, Wales,
and on the Grampians, Scotland; not certainly found in Ireland,
though reported from co. Wicklow.—B. M. Cader Idris and Ehinog
Each, Merioneth; Snowdon, Carnarvonshire ; Farndale Moor, Yorkshire
; Stavely Head, Westmoreland; Teesdale, Durham; Ben
Cruachan, Argyll; Ben Lawers, near Looh Erioht and Craig Calliaoh,
Perthshire; Loohnagar, Ben-naboord and Ben Maodhui, Braemar,
Aberdeenshire ; Ben Nevis, Invernessshire.
33. L. uliginosa Ach. Meth. p. 43 (1803) (excl. vars.) &
in Yet. Ak. Handl. p. 262 (1808).—^Thallus effuse, thinnish,
minutely granulose, subleprose, brownish or brownish-black
(K —, CaCl — ) ; hypotballus blackish. Apothecia minute, plane
or somewhat convex, brownish-black or blackish, within blackish
(slightly greyish in the middle), the margin thin, paler, evanescent;
paraphyses in d istin c t; hypothecium brown ; spores ellipsoid,
0,008-17 mm. long, 0,004-8 mm. th ic k ; hymenial gelatine
bluish then tawny-wine-coloured with iodine.—S. P. Gray Nat.
Arr. i. p. 467 ; Hook, in Sm. Engl. FI. v. p. 179; Tayl. in
Mackay FI. Hib. ii. p. 124; Mudd Man. p. 197 pro parte ;
Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 67 pro p a rte ; Leight. Lich. FI. p. 274
pro p a r te ; ed. 3, p. 274 pro p a r te ; Cromb. in Grevillea xxii.
p. 9. Lichen uliginosus Schrad. Spicil. p. 88 (1794); Engl. Bot.
t. 1466.
Lxsicc. Leight. nos. 120, 354; Mudd n. 167 ; Cromb. n. 82 ;
Larb. Lich. Hb. nos. 225, 265; Johns, n. 372.
Cften spreads very extensively on moors, like L. granulosa, and
in dry weather is scarcely distinguishable from the substratum. In
moist shady situations the thallus is at times greenish and sub-
gelatinose with paler apothecia; these are numerous, often crowded
and confluent, becoming in age convex and here and there several
Hab. On turfy, rarely sandy soil and mossy stumps of trees, chiefly
firs, in upland and subalpine localities.—Distr. General and common
in most parts of Great Britain and no doubt also of Ireland (fide
Tayl. I. c.) though seen from only a single locality there.—B. M.
Hayle, Cornwall; Epping Forest and Galleywood Common, near
Chelmsford, Essex; Reigate Hill, Surrey; near Lyndhurst, New
Forest, Hants ; Dartmoor, Devonshire ; Eoughton, Cornwall; Broadwater
and Tilgate, Sussex; North Wootton Common, Norfolk; Goyt
Lane, Buxton, Derbyshire; Malvern Hills, Worcestershire; Cader
Idris, Merioneth; Wrekin Hill, Stiperstones, Haughmond Hill and
Gruis Hill, Shropshire; Bowdon Heath, Cheshire; Kildale Moor,
Cleveland, Yorkshire; Teesdale, Durham; Windermere, Westmoreland;
The Cheviots, Northumberland; Pentland Hills, near Edinburgh;
Appin, Argyll; Craig Calliach, Ben Lawers and Eannoch
Moor, Perthshire ; Hill of Ardo, Kincardineshire ; Morrone, Braemar,
Aberdeenshire; Ben Nevis, Invernessshire; near Lairg, Sutherland-
shire ; Hills of Appleoross, Eoss-shire ; Cork.
Var. ¡3 humosa Ach. Meth. p. 43 (1803).—Thallus very thin,
leprose-granulose, the granules somewhat scattered, brownish-
black. Apothecia subminute, a t length convex, brownish-black
or black ; otherwise as in the type.—Cromb. Lioh. Brit. p. 343 ;
Leight. Lich. PI. p. 275 ; ed. 3, p. 275 pro minima parte, l ’.
humosa Leight. Lich. PI. ed. 3, p. 277 (1879). Lichen humosus
Ehrh. PI. Crypt. Fxs. n. 135 (1789) pro parte.
Lxsicc. Larb. Lich. Hb. n. 308.
Differs in the colour of the thallus, which is at times almost
evanescent, and in the darker more constantly convex apothecia,
which are at length crowded and aggregate. In shady situations, when
saxicolous, the thallus is more or less greenish. Intermediate between
the type and the following species.
Hab. On the ground and on turf waUs, rarely on shady rocks, in
maritime and upland districts.—Distr. Here and there in Great
Britain ; rare in the Channel Islands, and in N.W. Ireland ; no doubt
often overlooked.—D. M. Near the Coupee, Island of Sark; New
Forest and near Bournemouth, H an ts; Leith Hill, Surrey; Dolgelly
and Cader Idris, Merioneth ; Ben Lawers and Eannoch, Perthshire ;
Hill of Ardo, near Aberdeen ; Lough Inagh, Connemara, Galway (saxi-’
colons).
34. L. fuliginea Ach. Syn. p. 35 (1814); Nyl. in Flora
1x11. p. 206 (1879).—Thallus effuse, minutely granulose, brownish
black or fuliginous, the granules globose, crowded, subscabrid
( ^ ~ j CaCl — ). Apothecia small, plane, marginate, the margin
thin, entire, a t length convex and immarginate, reddish or dark-
brown ; paraphyses indistinct, brownish ; hypothecium yellowish-
brown ; spores ellipsoid, 0,008-15 mm. long, 0,004-7 mm. thick ;
hymenial gelatine faintly bluish, then tawny-wine-coloured with
iodine.—Cromb. in Grevillea xxii. p. 9. L. uliginosa var. B fuliginea
Mudd Man. p. 198 (1861); form fuliginea Leight. Lich
FI. p. 274 (1871); ed. 3, p. 274.
Lxsicc. Larb. Lich. Hb. n. 226.
, Usually regarded as being only a lignicolous condition or a form
of tbe precsedmg species, to which it is intimately related. I t is,
however, distinct in the generally smaller spores, and especially, as
pointed out by Nylander, in the gonidia chiefly constituting syngo-
mdia. As noticed by Acharius, the thallus very speedily imbibes
water as if subgelatinous. In more shady and damp situations the
plant is always sterile.
Hab On old palings and dead wood in upland situations.—DisZr.
Here and there throughout Great Britain, and plentiful where it occurs ;
very rare m the Channel Islands ; not seen from Ireland.—D. M.
Island of Sark; Tuddenham, Suffolk; Bpping Forest and Langford,
Essex, Westwood Common, Surrey; near Penshurst, Kent; New