27. B. flavovirescens Anzi Cat. Lich. Sondr. p. 71 (I860)..—
Thallus bright-greenish-yellow, effuse, th in or thickish, finely
granular or pulverulent ( K - , C a C l - ) ; hypothallns filamentous,
dark-brown or blackish. Apothecia black, solitary or conglomerate,
appressed, a t first concave, then plane, with a
thickish obtuse margin, the disc granular ; hypothecium brownish-
black ; paraphyses slender, hyaline, greenish-yellow in thick
section ; spores acicular, pluriseptate, 0,036-100 mm. long,
0,003-4 mm. thick ; hymenial gelatine not tinged with iodine.—
Lichen flavovirescens Dicks. Crypt, fasc. iii. p. 13 t. 8, f. 9
(1793); 'With. Arr. ed. 3, iv. p. 12, L . citrinellus Ach. in Vet.
Acad. Handl. xvi. p. 135, t. 5, f. 5 (1795); Engl. Bot. t. 1877.
Lecidea citrinella Ach. Meth, p. 15 (1803) ; S. P. Gray Nat.
Arr. i. p. 466 ; Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 94 ; Leight. Lich. PI.
p. 339; ed. 3, p. 336. L. flavovirescens Bow. ex Hook, in Sm.
Engl. El. V. p. 178 (1833); Tayl. in Mackay El. Hib. ii. p. 122.
Baphiospora flavovirescens Koerb. Syst. Lich. Germ. p. 268 (1855) ;
Mudd Man. p. 186, t. 3, f. 70.
Exsicc. Leight. n. 303.
A conspicuous plant from the contrast between the brightly-
coloured,_ scattered or continuous thallus and the dark substratum, to
which it is loosely affixed. On account of the prominent, somewhat
carbonaceous margin of the apothecium, and the elongate-acicular
spores, it has been variously classified by authors under Lecanactis
or Baphiospora. Th. Fries (Lich. Scand. p. 343 (1874)) regards
B. flavo-virescens as a discomycetous fungus parasitic on the thallus
of Sphyridium byssoides {Bccomyces rufus). The gonidia, he
considers, belong to the latter plant, their bright colour being caused
by the action of the parasite on the host. Eelim has included it in
his genus Mycohacidium (Eabenh. Krypt.-Fl. i. 3, p. 388 (1896)), but
states th at the question of parasitism is by no means decided.
Hab. On the grouiid and among mosses on rocks in hilly or subalpine
localities.—Bistr. Apparently local, though plentiful where it
occurs in England and Wales, common in the Highlands of Scotland,
rare m Ireland.—E. M. Hay Tor, Dartmoor, Devon ; Builth, Brecknockshire
; Llyn Gwernon and Dolgelly, Merioneth ; Oswestry, Shropshire
; Bettws-y-Coed, Carnarvonshire ; Llangollen, Denbighshire ;
Stavely, Westmoreland ; Teesdale, Durham ; near Helensburgh, Dumbartonshire
; Glen Creran, Argyll ; Glen Loohay, Killin, Craig Calliach,
Ben Lawers, Rannoch and Craig Tulloch, Blair Athole, Perthshire ;
Canlochan Glen, Forfarshire; Morrone, Braemar, Aberdeenshire;
Hills of Appleoross, Eossshire; Wicklow; near Dunkerron, Kerry;
Doughruagh Mt., Connemara, Galway.
Yar. alpina A. L. Sm.—Thallus areolate, in crumb-like
masses, sublohulate a t the circumference. Apothecia plane
or slightly convex, often congregate.—Lecidea flavovirescens
var. 13 alpina Schær. Spicil. Lich. Helv. p. 162 (1833).
Distinguished by the more developed thallus. Lichen flavovirescens
var. 2, With. (1. c.) erroneously referred by Crombie
(Grevillea xii. p. 58) to the variety (as f. alpina), is only a more
granulose state of the species.
Hab. Incrusting mosses on rooks in an alpine situation.—E. M,
Near the summit of Ben Lawers, Perthshire.
Var. arenicola A. L. Sm.—Thallus obsolete. Apothecia
minute, scattered, the margin slightly inflexed and shining,
otherwise as in the species.—Lecidea citrinella var. arenicola
Nyl. ex Mudd Man. p. 187 (1861); Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 94.
L. arenicola Leight. Lich. PL p. 356 ; ed. 3, p. 386. Baphiospora
arenicola Mudd Man. p. 186 (1861).
Exsicc. Leight. n. 372.
Differs from the s]iecies in being athalline and in the smaller,
solitary, though numerous apothecia. The asci, when immature, are
6-8-spored, or even 4-spored (Leight. II. c.).
Hab. On sandy soil and often parasitic on Boeoniyces rufus in
upland hilly districts.—Distr. P'ound only in a few localities of Great
Britain and Ireland.—E. M. Goyt Lane, Buxton, Derbyshire ; Wapley
Hill, Herefordshire ; Stiperstones, Shropshire ; Loundsdale, Cleveland,
Yorkshire ; Craig Calliaoh, Ben Lawers and Rannoch, Perthshire
; Countesswells Wood, near Aberdeen ; Mweelan, near Kylemore,
Connemara, Galway.
76. BUELLIA De Not. in Giorn. Bot. Ital. ii. p. 195 (1846)
emend.; Koerb. Syst. Lich. Germ. p. 223 (1855).^—Diploicia
Massal. Ric. Lich. p. 86 (1852); Mudd Man. p. 168. Abrothallus
De Not. I. c. p. 192 ; Mudd Man. p. 224. (PI. 13.)
Thallus radiate-plicate {Diploicia), crustaceous or wanting
{Abrothallus). Algal cells Protococcus. ' Apothecia usually dark-
coloured and carbonaceous, immarginate or with a proper margin
o n ly ; asci usually 8-spored; spores ellipsoid or oblong, usually
1-septate, brown, sometimes with a hyaline epispore (halonate).
Dipiloicia and Abrothallus have been included in Buellia on
account of the similarity in the fruits. The species of Abrothallus
are all parasitic on other Lichens, and have been described as fungi
by some authors.
1. B. canescens De Not. in Giorn. Bot. Ita l. ii. p. 197
(1846).—Thallus determinate, thickish, white or glaucous-white,
adnate, usually orbicular, radiate-plicate and lobate a t the circumference,
generally smooth, pruinose, sorediate towards the
centre (K + yellow, CaCl — ). Apothecia rather rare, black,
small, crowded towards the centre, adnate, plane and thinly
margined, becoming slightly convex and immarginate ; hypothecium
brownish-black ; parajihyses subdiscrete, thick, black a t the
apices; spores oblong-elliptical, obtuse a t the ends, brown or
blackish-brown, 0,011-14 mm. long, 0,006-7 mm. thick ; hymenial
gelatine deep-blue with iodine.—Lichenoides crustosuni, orbiculare
incanum Dill. Hist. Muse. p. 135, t. 18, f. 17a (1741). Lichen
canescens Dicks. PI. Crypt, i. p. 10, t. 2, f. 5 (1785); With. Arr,