0.012-16 mm. long, 0,005-6 mm. thick.—-Leight. Lich. Fl. ed. 3,
p . 415.
Exsicc. Larb. Lich. Hb. n. 193.
Very similar to the last species, but with smaller apothecia and
spores.
Hab. On trees, rare.—A. M. Doughruagh Mt., Connemara,
Galway (the only locality).
Spores 3-i-septate, upper cell largest.
4. A. gregaria Koerb. Syst. Lich. Germ. p. 291 (1855.)—
Thallus determinate, often developed under the bark (hypophloeodal),
greyish or reddish, thin, filmy, sometimes furfuraceous.
Apothecia irregularly roundish or elongate, scattered or confluent,
the disc plane, depressed, somewhat whitish- or cinnabar-red-
pruinose or naked (K + v io le t) ; spores obovate-olavate, usually
4-septate, the upper cell largest, colourless or faintly yellowish-
red, 0,018-26 mm. long, 0,007-9 mm. th ic k ; hymenial gelatine
blue with iodine.—Mudd Man. p. 249. A. cinnaharina Wallr.
Crypt. Germ. i. p. 320 (1831); Oromb. Lich. Brit. p. 102;
Leight. Lioh. Fl. p. 398 ; ed. 3, p. 421. Sphæria gregaria
Weigel Obs. Bot. p. 43, t. 2, fig. 10 (1772). Dicks. PL Crypt, i.
p. 22 (1785) ; With. Arr. ed. 3, iv. p. 391 ; Sow. Engl, Fung,
iii. t. 375, f. 5. Spilonalf) tumidula Ach. Meth. 1, p. 11, t. 1,
fig. 5 (1803) and S. tumidulum Ach. Lich. Univ. p. 136 (1810) ;
Engl. Bot. t. 2151; Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. p. 35; S. F. Gray Nat. Arr.
1. p. 480. S. gregarium Turn. & Borr. Lich. Brit. p. 42 (1839) ;
Hook, in Sm. Engl. Fl. v. p. 167 pro parte ; Tayl. in Mackay
El. Hib. ii. p. 77 pro parte. Coniocarpon cinnaharinum DO. Fl.
Franc, ii. p. 323 (1805) ; Leight. in Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 2,
xiii. p. 443, t. 8, f. 40 (1854).
Well distinguished by the form and septation of the spores and
also frequently by the red colouration which is more or less apparent
on thallus or apothecia, becoming more pronounced in var. kermesina
and disappearing in vars. pruinata and anerythrea. The thallus is
usually suborbicular in outline and limited by a rather broad dark
line.
Hab. On the bark of trees.—Distr. Frequent in England and
Ireland.—A. M. Hassock’s Gate, Crawley, Fairlight, Hurstpierpoint
and Baloombe, Sussex ; Oakley Park, Cirencester, Gloucestershire ;
Malley, New Forest, Hants ; Gopsal, Leicestershire : Forden, near
Welshpool, Montgomeryshire ; Patcham, Worcestershire ; Cliffrigg
and near Stokesley, Cleveland, Yorkshire; Windermere, Westmoreland
; Muokruss Demesne and Deer Park, Killarney, Kerry ; Adare
and near Limerick ; Glenstale, Tipperary ; Dromoland, Clare ; Bally-
edmond Glen, Cork.
Var. astroidea Mudd Man. p. 250 (1861), emend.—Thallus
usually thin, smooth or minutely cracked, whitish or tinged with
purple. Apothecia subimmersed, depressed, confluent in radiate
or stellate groups, naked or often vermilion-powdered a t the
margins.— Coniocarpon cinnabarinum var. astroideum Leight. in
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, xiii. p. 445 (1854) pro parte.
Arthonia cinnaharina var. anerythrea f. astroidea Leight. Lich.
Fl.^ p. 400 (1871); ed. 3, p. 422; var. Icermesina f. marginata
Leight. II. c. pro parte ; var. opegraphina Leight. in Grevillea
1. p. 59, t. 4, f. 7 (1872) & Lich. Fl. ed. 3, p. 423. A. radiata
var. opegraphina Ach. Lich. Univ. p. 669 (1810). A. astroidea
var. opegraphina Ach. Syn. p. 6 (1814); Cromb. Lich. Brit,
p. 103 ; var. epipastoides Leight. U. c. (non Nyl.).
Exsicc. Mudd nos. 233 (as var. marginata), 234.
Perhaps only a growth form. The narrow edge of bright red
granules round the ardellæ is very striking in nearly all the specimens.
Hah. On trees. —Distr. Somewhat rare in S. and N. England and
b. Ireland.—A. M. Withiel and St. Breock, Cornwall ; Oakley Park
Cirencester, Gloucestershire ; Airyholme and Ayton, Cleveland, Yorkshire.
Form cuspidans A. L. Sm.—Thallus as in the variety.
Apothecia elongate, slender, the ends pointed, scarcely tinged
with red ; spores rather smaller, 0,016-19 mm. long, 0,005-7 mm.
thick. — Arthonia cinnaharina f. cuspidans Nyl. in Flora lix. p. 310 '
(1876); Cromb. in Grevillea v. p. 30; Leight. Lich. Fl. ed. 3
p. 423. ’
Exsicc. Larb. Lich. Hb. n. 235.
Hab. On trees.—AisZr. Eare in S. and W. Ireland.—A. M.
Cromaglown, Killarney and Glenoar, Kerry ; Doughruagh Mt. and
Derryclare, Connemara, Galway.
Var. kermesina A. L. Sm.—Thallus whitish or tinged red or
purple. Apothecia usually convex, powdery, more or less
vermilion-coloured.—Vars. cinnaharina, rosacea, detrita and dubia
Mudd Man. p. 249 {Spiloma gregarium vars. Turn. & Borr. I. c).
Coniocarpon cinnabarinum vars. Leight. I. c. A. cinnaharina var.
Icermesina Nyl. Lich. Scand. p. 257 (1861); Cromb. Lich. Brit'
p. 102 ; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 399 ; ed. 3, p. 422, incl. ff. cinna-
banna, rosacea, detrita and dubia. Spiloma tumidulum Sm. Engl.
Bot. t. 2151 (1810) (non Ach.?). Lepra Icermesina Schær.
Enum. p. 240 (1850).
Exsicc. Leight. nos. 249, 250.
Differs from the type in the marked vermilion or purple colour.
Ih e thallus varies from whitish to a deep purple ; the apothecia are
usually a deep red, and occasionally thallus or apothecia somewhat
whitish-pruinose.
Hab. On trunks of trees.—Distr. More or less common th ro u te -
out the British Isles.—A. M. Eozel, Jersey; St. Breock, Cornwall;
near Becky Falls, near Lustleigh and Torquay, Devon; Chedworth
Woods, Gloucestershire ; New Forest, Hants ; Ardingly, Sussex ;
Epping Forest, Essex; Twycross, Leicestershire; Hay Park, Ludlow,
Shropshire; Forden, Montgomeryshire; King’s Wood, Airyholme
Wood, Ingleby Park and near Ayton, Cleveland, Yorkshire; Nannau
II. p