Hah. On rocks, trunks of old trees, chiefly firs, rarely on old
palings or encrusting mosses on boulders in hilly and mountainous
districts.—Bistr. Not uncommon in central and N. England, plentiful
in Wales and the Highlands of Scotland; apparently rare in E. and
S.W. Ireland.—B. M. Charnwood Forest, Leicestershire; Hay Park,
Herefordshire ; Cromford Moor, near Matlock, and Black Edge, near
Buxton, Derbyshire ; Cader Idris and Nannau, near Dolgelly,
Merioneth; Craigforda, Shropshire; Ingleby Park, Cleveland, Yorkshire;
Windermere, Westmoreland; Hedgehope, Northumberland;
Roseneath, Dumbartonshire; Inverary and Head of Loch Awe,
Argyll ; Glen Falloch, Killin, Ben Lawers, Black Wood of Rannoch,
Craig Vinean and Craig-y-Barns, Dunkeld, Perthshire ; Hill of Ardo,
near Aberdeen ; Craig Coinnoch, Morrone, Glen Quoioh and near the
foot of Ben Macdhui, Aberdeenshire ; Glen Nevis and Rothiemurohus
Woods, Invernessshire ; Lairg, Sutherland ; Dublin Mts. ; Turk Mt.,
Killarney, Kerry.
Form microcarpa Nyl. Lich. Scand. p. 246, fig. 10 (1861).—
Thallus thin, granulose-subconcrescent. Apothecia small ; spores
0,058-72 mm. long, 0,024-30 mm. thick.
Differs in the smaller apothecia and spores. In the single British
specimen, which is sparingly fertile, a few of the confluent apothecia
are erratic on the sterile thallus of Cladonia coccifera.
Hal. Incrusting mosses on boulders in a subalpme locality.—
B. M. Craig Calliaoh, Perthshire.
Yar. ¡3 afflnis Nyl. in Mém. Soc. Cherb. v. p. 127 (1857).—
Thallus and apothecia as in the ty p e ; medulla not coloured.—
Leight. Lioh. FI. ed. 3, p. 263. L. affinia Schær. Fnum. p. 132
(1850); Cromb. in Journ. Bot. xii. p. 149 (1874).
Nylander rightly considers this only a variety, the absence of
colour in the medulla being the only distinguishing character.
Hab. On decayed mosses on the ground in an alpine locality.—
B. M. Morrone, Braemar, Aberdeenshire.
Yar. y melina Nyl. in Ann. Sci. N a t. ser. 4, xix. p. 357
(1863).—Thallus thinnish, medulla colourless. Apothecia small;
spores 2 in the ascus, 0,052-64 mm. long, 0,034-44 mm. thick.—
Cromb. in Journ. Bot. xii. p. 149 (1874); Leight. Lich. FI. ed. 3,
p. 263. L . didymospora Stirton in Grevillea ii. p. 60 (1873).
Lichenoides tartareum tinctorium candidum, tuberculis atris Dill.
Hist. Muse. p. 128 t. 18, fig. 8 (1740). Megalospora melina
Krempelh. ex Nyl. I. c.
Closely related to the preceding, of which, but for the 2-spored
asci and the smaller spores, it might be regarded as only a form (see
Nyl. in Not. Sallsk. Faun. & El. Fenn. n. ser. v. p. 166).
Hab. On the trunks of firs in mountainous districts.—Bistr. Yery
local and rare in N. Wales and the S. Grampians, Scotland.—B. M.
Cader Idris, Merioneth ; Ben Lawers, Perthshire.
202. L. fucata Stirton in Scott. Nat. 1879, p. 16.— Thallus
cinereous, granulose or evanescent. Apothecia black, round or
oblong, or somewhat irregular, convex and immarginate, internally
entirely of an intense-violet colour, scarcely changed by iodine
(K p. blue-greenish) ; hypothecium colourless ; paraphyses distinct,
thickish, irre g u la r; spores 1-3 in the ascus, ellipsoid or oblong-
ellipsoid, the epispore thick and pellucid, 0,032-48 mm. long,
0.015-22 mm. th ic k .-L e ig h t. Lich. FI. ed. 3, p. 545. Specimen
not seen.
Hab. On decorticated wood. Collected by Dr. Stirton near Tyn-
drum, Perthshire.
72. BIATORELLA De Not. in Giorn. Bot. Ita l. ii. p. 192
(1846); Massal. Ric. Lich. p, 130 (1852) emend. (PI. 9.)
Thallus crustaceous, efluse or definite, rarely almost obsolete.
Algal cells Protococc.us. Apothecia light-coloured or dark
and carbonaceous with proper margin only ; asci many-spored, the
spores minute, simple, colourless, oblong or spherical. Spermogones
with ovoid or shortly cylindrical spermatia.
By a printer’s error, which is pointed out by Massalongo, I. c., the
genus was published as 8-spored instead of co-spored, and was confined
to lichens with a thin leprose thallus. I t was emended by Massalongo
to include those with a more developed thallus, and further emended
by Th. Fries (Gen. Heterolich. p. 86 (1861) & Lich. Soand. p. 396).
Both these writers, as also Mudd (Man. p. 191), include one or more
nf the species placed by Crombie in the section Saroogyne of Lecanora
(Part i. p. 151). Zahlbriickner (Engl. & Prantl. Pflanzenfaniilien
1. 1, p. 151) places the genus (including section Sarcogyne) in the
Order Acarosporacece, along with other genera, either lecanorine or
lecideine, th a t have similar many-spored asci and minute colourless
spores.
1. B. fossarum Th. Fr. Lich. Scand. p. 397 (1874).—Thallus
efiuse, very thin, granulose or leprose, greyish or greenish ( K - ,
CaCl — ), a t times evanescent. Apothecia moderate or somewhat
large, adnate or appressed, convex, immarginate, reddish-flesh-
coloured or bright saffron-red, whitish within ; hypothecium pale ,
paraphyses discrete, slender, yellow a t the apices; spores oblong
or oblong-cylindrical, 0,006-12 mm. long, 0,003-4 mm. thick ^
hymenial gelatine deep-blue then dark with iodine. Lecidea
fossarum Duf. in Fr. Lich. Fu r. p. 264 (1831); Leight. Lich. FL
ed. 3, p. 383 ; Cromb. in Grevillea xxii. p. 59.
Externally subsimilar to Lecidea vernalis, but differing in the
structure of the apothecia. In the few British specimens seen, the
thallus is but little visible, and the apothecia are also smaller and less
brightly-coloured th an in specimens from southern Europe.
Hah. On mosses amongst rocks in an alpine situation. B. M.
Summit of Ben Lawers, Perthshire.
2. B. ochrophora Th. F r. Lich. Scand. p. 399 (1874).—Thallus
effuse, very thin, occurring in patches (K —, CaCl —), or usually
obsolete. Apothecia small, convex, a t length subglobose, immarginate,
yellowish-pruinose, sordidly pale w ith in ; paraphyses