as 0. varia var. diaphora) ; Larb. Lich. Hh. n. 190 (as 0. atra
var. tenuior).
Distinguished from 0. herpetica by the longer, distinctly marginate
apothecia and the usually reddish-brown colour internally.
Hab. On trees.—Dist. Common throughout the British Isles.—
B. M. Luxulion, Cornwall ; I. of Wight ; Beeding Windmill, Three
Bridges, Crawley, Mendon, and Saddlescomb, Sussex ; Ronisey,
Hants; Bpping Forest, Hatfield Peverel, and Ulting, Essex; Worcester
; Bath, Somerset ; Bala, Merioneth ; Trefriw, Carnarvonshire ;
Airyholme Wood and near Ayton, Cleveland, Yorkshire ; near Glasgow,
Lanarkshire ; Callander, Perthshire ; Killarney, Kerry ; Rostellan,
Cork ; Clonmel, Tipperary ; Adare, Limerick ; Killery Bay, Connemara.
Form ochrocheila Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 377 (1871).—Apothecia
with oohraceous margins, the disc somewhat flattened.—Leight.
up. cit. ed. 3, p. 400. Opegrapha ochrocheila Nyl. in Flora xlviii.
p. 212 (1865).
Hah. On trees, grass and rocks.—Dist. Rare in the Channel
Islands, England, and S. Ireland.—B. M. St. Peter’s Valley, Jersey;
Dinish, Killarney, Kerry.
Form parallela Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 376 (1871).—Thallus thin,
greyish-white. Apothecia linear-elongate, arranged in parallel
lines, straight or flexuose.—Leight. Lich. Fl. ed. 3, p. 399.
Nav. parallela Mudd Man. p. 232 (1861).
Exsicc. Leight. n. 245 ; Mudd n. 209.
A growth form rather than a variety.
Hab. On trees.—Distr. Rather common in England, rarer in
Scotland and Ireland.—B. M. Withiel, Cornwall ; Torquay and Lustleigh,
Devon; Tilgate and near Glynde, Sussex; near Lyndhurst,
New Forest, Hants; Cirencester, Gloucestershire; Alfrick, near
Worcester; Ulting, Essex; near Yarmouth, Norfolk; Ludlow, Shropshire
; Cockshaw Bank, Cleveland, Yorkshire ; Killarney, Kerry ;
Killery Bay, Connemara, Galway.
Var. denigrata Schær. Enum. p. 153 (1850) (excl. syn.).—
Thallus smooth, whitish, often determinate. Apothecia crowded
together and forming black patches on the thallus.—Mudd Man.
p. 232 ; Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 98 ; f. denigrata Leight. Lich. Fl.
p. 376 ; ed. 3, p. 398 (incl. f. nigrata and f. liapalea Leight. ll. c. ;
Lichen d.enigratus Ach. Lich. Suec. Prodr. p. 24 (1798). Opegrapha
sienocarpa \ ar. liapalea Ach. Lich. Univ. p. 257 (1810)). Hysterina
denigrata S. F. Gray Nat. Arr. i. p. 507 (1821).
Exsicc. Leight. n. 193 ; Mudd n. 210.
Hab. On trees.—Distr. Common throughout the British Isles.—
B. M. New Forest and Netley Abbey, Hants; Chalford, Gloucestershire;
near Glynde and near Crawley, Sussex; Hindlip and near
Malvern, Worcestershire ; Bpping Forest, Ulting and Hadleigh Woods,
Essex ; Wigmore, Herefordshire ; Long Priory, Shropshire ; Barmouth,
Merioneth ; Llanrochwyn and near Llandudno, Carnarvonshire ; near
Ayton, Cleveland, Yorkshire ; near Glasgow, Lanarkshire ; Killarney,
Kerry.
Var. arthonoidea I-,eight. ex Mudd Man. p. 232 (1861).—
Apothecia variously diflbrmed and flattened, crowded and confluent,
forming irregular black masses, scattered or subparallel.—
F. arthonoidea Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 377 (1871); ed. 3, p. 399.
Opegrapha nimhosa Sm. Engl. Bot. t. 2346 (1811)? (non Ach.).
Lxsicc. Leight. n. 338.
Hab. On trees.—Distr. Somewhat rare throughout the British
Isles.—B. M. Withiel, Cornwall; Newton Bushell and Ullacombe,
near Bovey Tracey, Devon ; Shanklin, I. of Wight; Saddlescomb and
St. Leonards, Sussex; New Forest, H an ts; Stokesay, Shropshire;
Edderton, Montgomeryshire; Epping Forest, Essex; Cottishall,
Norfolk ; Conway, Carnarvonshire; Airyholme and Cliffrigg, Cleveland,
Yorkshire; Swanston, near Edinburgh ; Carrigaloe, Cork.
4. 0. atricolor Stirton in Trans. Glasg. Soc. Nat. 1875, p. 89.
—Thallus whitish, thin. Apothecia black, innate, sessile, narrow,
somewhat acute, usually simple, internally blackish-grey or pallid
b row n ; disc slit-like, becoming somewhat concave or even
flattened, rugulose; hypothecium brownish-black; paraphyses
indistinct, irregular, dark-brown a t the apices; spores 4-8 in
the ascus, oblong-ovoid, 3-septate, colourless, 0,015-21 mm. long,
0.004-5 mm. thick ; upper p a rt of hymenium blue, the lower
pa rt yellow, becoming wine-red with iodine.—Leight. Lich. PI.
ed. 3, p. 400. Specimen not seen.
Hab. On decorticated wood, near Altnaharra, Sutherland.
5. 0. betulina Sm. Engl. Bot. t. 2281 (1811) non Pers.—
Thallus dull-yellowish, brownish or whitish, often limited by a
dark line. Apothecia very prominent, sessile, mostly simple,
elongate, the disc narrow, uniform; margins plump, rounded and
incurved; hypothecium almost black, the hymenium usually
clear and colourless; spores linear-obovate, colourless, 3-septate,
occasionally 4-septate, 0,017-23 mm. long, 0,005-7 mm. th ick ;
spermogones with rod-shaped spermatia, 0,004-6 mm. long.—■
Hook, in Sm. Engl. Fl. v. p. 145 (excl. syn.). 0. herharum
Mont. in Arch. Bot. p. 302, t. 15, f. 1 (1833)? 0. atrai. herbarum
Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 377 ; ed. 3, p. 399. 0. Turneri Leight. in
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, xiii. p. 202, t. 5, f. 10 (1854) &
Lich. PI. p. 378 ; ed. 3, p. 400; Mudd Man. p. 231; Cromb. in
Grevillea i. p. 173. 0. atrorimalis Nyl. in Flora xlvii. p. 488
(1864); Cromh. Lich. Brit. p. 98. 0. varia suhsp. rimalis Cromh.
1. c. p. 97 (1870)?
Lxsicc. Larb. Lich. Hb. nos. 76, 109.
Forming a transition between 0. atra and O. varia. The apothecia
are stouter than in 0. atra, and the spores broader and with a more
distinct epispore, somewhat like those of 0. varia in appearance,
though smaller and usually 3-septate.
Hdb. On trees, occasionally on palings.—Distr. Somewhat frequent
in England, rarer in Scotland and Ireland, not recorded from the
Channel Islands.—B. M. Lustleigh, Devon; near Lyndhurst, New