mersed in the areolæ, the ostiole nearly plane or depressed,
scarcely visible ; peritheciai wall pale-brownish-coloured ; spores
8 in the ascus, oblong-ellipsoid, simple, then occasionally becoming
1-septate, 0,011-16 mm. long, 0,004-6 mm. thick.—Mudd Man.
p. 288 (excl. var. glaucina) ; Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. I l l ; Leight.
Lich. Fl. p. 422; ed. 3, p. 453. Lichen fuseellus Turn, in Trans.
Linn. Soc. vii. p. 90, t. 8, fig. 2 (1804); Engl. Bot. t. 1500.
Endocarpon fuscellum Ach. tom. cit. p. 675 ; Hook, in Sm.
Engl. Fl. V . p. 159 (excl. syn. E. tephroides var. polythecium) ;
Tayl. in Mackay Fl. Hib. ii. p. 101. Sagedia fuscella Fr. Lich.
Eur. p. 413 (1831) ; Leight. Angioc. Lich. p. 22, t. 7, fig. 2.
Exsicc. Mudd n. 276.
Differs from the preceding in the brown thallus and in the lighter-
coloured perithecia. The spores sometimes become distinctly 2-celled,
suggesting affinity with the genus Thelidium, but in many specimens
they remain constantly simple, and on that account it has been
retained among the Verrucarice.
Hah. On calcareous rooks, mortar of old walls, &c.—Distr. Eare
in the Channel Islands, S. and N. England, N. Wales, Central Scotland
and S.W. Ireland.—B. M. Boulay Bay and Trinity, Jersey ;
Eustington, Sussex ; Eaton, Berks ; near Oswestry and Llanymynech,
Shropshire ; near Yarmouth ; near Stanhope, Durham ; Ireland.
Thallus membranaceous, continuous, smooth.
32. V. inaculiformis Krempelh. in Flora xli. p. 303 (1858).—
Thallus very thin, olive-brown or blackish, forming small spots
on the stone, which are often confluent. Perithecia small, semiimmersed,
i^subglobose, becoming slightly depressed round the
minute ostiole, black and shining ; peritheciai wall dimidiate ;
spores ellipsoid, 0,014-24 mm. long, 0,006-010 mm. thick.
Distinguished by the thin olivaceous thallus and the numerous
shining black perithecia.
Hah. On calcareous rocks, flints, &o.—Distr. Eare in S., Central and
N. England.—B. M. Near Cirencester, Gloucestershire ; Norton near
Worcester ; below Cader Idris, Merioneth ; Carlton and near Ayton,
Cleveland, Yorkshire ; Hartlepool, Durham.
33. V. mutahilis Borr. ex Leight. Angioc. Lich. p. 55, t. 24,
fig. 3 (1851) (excl. syn.).—Thallus dark-brown, like an oily stain,
thin, filmy, membranaceous, continuous, smooth, subdeterminate
or effuse, often nearly evanescent. Perithecia brownish-black,
minute, scattered, prominent, hemispherical, sometimes polished
and shining, internally pale ; peritheciai wall dimidiate ; spores
oblong, small, 0,008-012 mm. long, 0,005-7 mm. thick.—Mudd
Man. p. 293 (excl. sy n .); Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 4 1 8 ; ed. 3,
p. 448.
Has been confused with other forms on account of the variable
thallus. The thallus is thin and almost evanescent in the British
Museum specimen.
Hah. On rocks, stones and pebbles.—E. M. Mayfield, Sussex.
Thallus tartareous, thin; perithecia not forming pits in the rocks.
34. V. Dufourii DC. Fl. Fr. ii. p. 318 (1805).—Thallus
whitish or brownish-grey, tartareous, thin, continuous, smooth,
determinate, sometimes with a black line a t the edge. Perithecia
moderate in size, numerous, prominent, hemispherical, depressed
round the ostiole; peritheciai wall dimidiate ; spores ellipsoid,
0,015-22 mm. long, 0,006-010 mm. thick, or rather larger, hymenial
gelatine wine-red with iodine.—Leight. Angioc. Lich. p. 76
& Lich. Fl. p. 415; ed. 3, p. 446; Mudd Man. p. 290; Cromb.
Lich. Brit. p. 113. V. concinna Borr. in Engl. Bot. Suppl.
t. 2623, f. 1 (1830) ; Tayl. in Mackay Fl. Hib. ii. p. 90 ; Hook, in
Sm. Engl.Fl. V. p. 152 ; Leight. Angioc. Lich. p. 50, t. 22, fig. 3
& p. 76.
Characterized by the almost superficial umbilicate perithecia.
Hab. On calcareous rocks.—Distr. Not common in Central and
N. England, N. AVales, Scotland and Ireland.—E. M. Cheddar Cliffs,
Somerset; Minohinhampton, Gloucestershire ; Buxton, Derbyshire ;
Lamplugh, Cumberland; I. of Lismore, Argyll; Middleton, near
Cork; Dunkerron, Kerry ; Glenarm, Antrim.
35. V. malhamensis Nyl. ex Shackleton & Hebden in
Naturalist, 1892, p. 17.—Thallus whitish-grey, thin, continuous.
Perithecia black, prominent, depressed round the ostiole ; spores
oblong, 0,014-16 mm. long, 0,005-6 mm. thick. Specimen not
seen.
According to Nylander {I. c.) similar in appearance to the preceding
with affinities with Verrucaria pulicaris.
Hdb. Damp shady rocks near the ground (Malham, Yorkshire).
36. V. prominula Nyl. ex Mudd Man. p. 291 (1861) emend.—
Thallus thin, greenish-white or brownish, tartareous, continuous,
wrinkled, effuse or determinate. Perithecia large, prominent,
scattered, subglobose or conical, black, depressed-umbilicate a t
the apex ; peritheciai wall e n tire ; spores broadly oblong or ellipsoid,
blunt a t the ends, 0,018-20 mm. long, 0,007-010 mm.
thick.—Carroll, in Journ. Bot. iv. p. 25 (1866); Cromb. Lich.
Brit. p. 113; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 419 ; ed. 3, p. 449.
Hab. On maritime rocks.—Distr. Eare in S. England and in
S.AV. Ireland.—E. M. Kerry; Kilkee, Clare ; Derryclare, Connemara,
Galway; Moher, Clare.
Var. viridans Nyl. in Flora, Ixii. p. 224 (1879). Thallus
and perithecia as in the species ; spores broadly oblong or almost
globose, much smaller, 0,010-12 mm. long, 0,007-9 mm. thick.—
Cromb. in Grevillea viii. p. 30. V. muralis Tayl. in Mackay Fl.
Hib. ii. p. 91 (1836) pro parte.
Exsicc. Larb. Lich. Hb. (without a number).
U 2