Islands,
Church,
Tracey,
Sussex ;
Trefriw,
; Castle
Hah. Ou the bark of trees.—Distr. Eare in the Channel
England, Wales and Ireland.—B. M. Near St. Martin’s
J ersey ; near Penzance, Cornwall ; Ullacombe, near Bovey
Devon ; near Stoney Cross, New Forest, Hants ; near Glynde,
Shiere, Surrey ; Epping Forest, Essex ; Dolgelly, Merioneth ;
Carnarvon ; lloggart’s Wood, Ingleby, Cleveland, Yorkshire
Bernard Park, Cork ; Toro Mt. and Dinish, Killarney.
Form taxicola Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 100 (1870).—Differs
from the species in the slightly pulverulent thallus and in the
moi'e prominent larger elongate apothecicX which are usually
simple, and scattered or thickly congregate.—Leight. Lich. Fl.
p. 388 ; ed. 3, p. 411. Opegrapha taxicola Leight. in Ann. Mag.
Nat. Hist. ,ser. 2, xiii. p. 210, t. 6, f. 15 (1854). 0. rubella var.
taxicola Mudd Man. p. 234 (1861).
Hab. On yew.—Distr. Eare in England, Wales and Ireland.—
B. M. Brockenhurst, New Forest, Hants ; Barcombe, near Lewes,
Balcombe and Ston-ington, Sussex ; Kingsdown, Kent ; Twycross,
Leicestershire ; Llanryohwyii, Carnarvon ; Killarney, Kerry.
27. 0. involuta Nyl. in Mem. Soc. Sci. Nat. Cherb. v. p. 131
(1858).—Thallus brownish-greeii, thin, continuous. Apothecia
sessile, irregularly elongate or roundish-deformed ; disc more or
less flattened, the margins thickish and involute ; spores 4 to 6
in the ascus, fusiform, colourless, multi-septate.—Carroll in
Journ. Bot. iii. p. 291 (1865); Leight. Lich. Fl. ed. 3, p. 411.
Graphis involuta M+llr. Fl. Crypt. Germ. p. 329 (1831). Specimen
not seen.
Closely allied to and perhaps only a growth form of the preceding
from which it differs in the roundish Lecidea-like apothecia.
Hah. On bark of holly.—Distr. Eare in S. England and S. Ireland.
91. GRAPHIS Adans. Fam. PI. ii. p. 11 (1763), pro p a rte ;
Ach. Lich. Univ. p. 46 (1810), pro p a rte ; Muell.-Arg. in Mém.
Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genève xxix. n. 8, p. 28 (1887). Aulaco-
grapha Leight. in Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, xiii. p. 389
(1854); Mudd Man. p. 242. (PI. 28.)
Thallus crustaceous, thin, superficial or developed under the
bark (hypophloeodal). Algal cells Trentepohlia. Apothecia
(lirellse) elongate, rarely roundish, immersed then erumpent,
simple or branched ; disc narrow and slit-like, rarely somewhat
plane; proper margins tumid, prominent, furrowed (Aulacographa.)
or even ; hypothecium colourless or dark-coloured ; asci clavate
or elongate, usually 8-spored ; spores colourless, elongate,
pluriseptate, the cells transversely lentiform.
The genus, as understood by modern lichenologists, includes only
species with colourless septate spores. In the British forms the
apothecial wall is mostly developed only at the sides (dimidiate) ; in
warmer regions species occur with a well developed carbonaceous
base.
1. G. elegans Ach. Syu. Lich. p. 85 (1814).—Thallus pale
cream-coloured or greyish-white, thin, membranaceous, granular
or wrinkled. Apothecia linear-elongate, simple, straight or
curved ; peritheciai wall continuous or with a small opening
under the base ; proper margins thick, longitudinally furrowed ;
paraphyses slender, inspersed with small granules ; spores
cylindrical-fusiform, with a hyaline epispore, 10-12-septate,
0,035-55 mm. long, 0,008-11 mm. thick.—S. F. Gray Nat.
Arr. i. p. 503; Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 96 ; Leight. Lich. Fl.
p. 362 ; ed. 3, p. 427. Opegrapha elegans Borr. in Sm. Fngl.
Bot. t. 1812 (1807) ; Hook, in Sm. Fngl. Fl. v. p. 146. 0. sulcata
Moug. ck Nestl. ex DC. Fl. Franc, vi. p. 171 (1815); Tayl. in
Mackay Fl. Hib. ii. p. 107. Aulacographa elegans Leight. in
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, xiii. p, 389, t. 7, f. 26 (1854) ;
Mudd Man. p. 262, t. 4, f. 93.
Exsicc. Baxter Stirp. Crypt, n. 21 ; Bohl. n. 27 ; Leight.
n. 68 ; Mudd n. 223 ; Larb. Lich. Hb. n. 156 ; Carroll Lich.
Hib. without number.
Characterized by the furrowed margin of the prominent apothecia,
though occasionally the furrows are not well developed.
Hab. On trees, finest on holly.—Distr. General and common in
England and Ireland, somewhat rare in Scotland.—B. M. Withiel,
Cornwall ; Ivy Bridge, near Beckley, Becky Falls, near Exeter, and
T a vy Valley, Devon; Lyndhurst, New Forest, Hants ; St. Leonard’s
Forest, Henfield, Bridge Park, Ardingly and Peas Pottage Gate, near
Florsham, Sussex; Bagley Woods, Berks; Charnwood Forest, Leicestershire
; Knole Park, Kent ; Woodham Walter Common, Hockley
and Hadleigh Woods, Essex ; Malvern, Worcestershire ; Dolgelly,
Merioneth; Crafnant and Church Stretton, Shropshire; Gloddaeth,
near Conway ; Capel Curig and Gwydir Woods, Bettws-y-Coed, Carnarvonshire
; Chatsworth, Derbyshire ; Roche Abbey and Baysdale,
Cleveland, Yorkshire ; near Glasgow, Lanarkshire ; Ben Lomond,
Dumbartonshire ; Inverary and near Bonawe, Lome, Argyll ; Glen
Tilt, Perthshire ; Castle Bernard Park, Bandon, IBrown’s Demesne, near
Eiverstown, and Ballyedmond, Cork; Tore Mt., Lough Inchiquin,
Dinish, and Croghan, Killarney, Kerry; Kylemore, Connemara,
Galway.
Form parallela Leight. Lich. Fl. ed. 3, p. 4 2 7 .--Apothecia
narrow, straight, ra th e r long, arranged in a parallel manner.—
Opegrapha elegans var. parallela Schær. Fnum. p. 152 (1850).
Hab. On the bark of cherry and other trees.—Distr. Somewhat
uncommon in S. and Central England, N. Scotland and Ireland.—
B. M. Ullacombe, Bovey Tracey, Devon ; New Forest, Hants ; Wych
Cross and High Eocks, Tunbridge Wells, Sussex ; Church Stretton,
Shropshire ; Cader Idris, Merioneth ; Trefriw, Carnarvonshire ; Glen
Tilt, Perthshire; Glengarriff, Cork; Doughruagh Mt., Kylemore,
Connemara, Galway ; Tullymore Park, DoWn.
Form stellata Leight. I. c.—Apothecia ra th e r short, arranged
in radiate stellate groups.
Hab. On trees.—Distr. Eare in S. and Central England and