mm. long, 0,003-5 mm. thick—Biatora leptalea Dur. & Mont.
Fl. d’Alg. i. p. 268 (1849). Verrucaria lectissima f. leptalea Nyl.
in Maine & Loire Mém. Soc. Acad. iv. p. 38 (1858); snbsp.
leptalea Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 117 ; var. leptalea Leight. Lich Fl.
p. 443; ed. 3, p. 475. V. leptaleella Nyl. in Flora lix. p. 237
(1876); Cromb. in Grevillea v. p. 29; Leight. Lich. Fl. ed. 3,
p. 480 pro parte.
Exsicc. Larb. Licli. Hb. without number.
V. leptaleella was given specific rank by Nylander on account of its
narrower spores; they resemble, when mature, those of P. leptalea.
Hah. On trees.—Distr. Rare in S. England, AVales, and S. and AV.
Ireland.—B. M. Near Crosshaven and Glenbower, Cork; McCarthy’s
Island, Dinish and Eagle’s Nest, Killarney, Kerry; Delphi, Killery
Baj', Connemara, Galway.
4. P. succina A. L. Sm.—Thallus dark-brownish, thin, effuse.
Perithecia numerous, large, amber-coloured throughout, hemispherical
conical with a papillate ostiole ; peritheciai wall dimidiate,
spreading a t the base ; paraphyses slender, d is tin c t; asci linear-
clavate ; spores 8 in the ascus, colourless, fusiform, 7-septate,
large, 0,046 mm. long, 0,005-8 mm. thick.— Verrucaria succina
Leight. in Grevillea iv. p. 78 (1875) & in Trans. Linn. Soc.
ser. 2, i. p. 145, t. 2, figs. 8-12 (18761 Lich. Fl. ed. 3, p. 483;
Cromb. in Journ. Bot. xiv. p. 363 (1876). V. globosa Tayl. ex
Nyl. in Flora Ixvi. p. 534 (1883); Cromb. in Grevillea xii. p. 91.
Considered by Leighton to be closely allied to P. faginea, but its
affinity is rather with P. lectissima, from which it differs chiefly in
the larger perithecia and spores.
Hab. On rooks.—Distr. Eare in S. and AV. Ireland. - -B. M. Black-
water, AVexford.
Perithecia dark-coloured ; spores 3-septate.
5. P. carpinea A. Zahlbr. in Fngler & P ra n tl Pflanzenf. i.
1*, p. 66 (1903).—Thallus thin, developed within the bark, grey,
olive, or dark-brown, smooth or somewhat wrinkled, pffuse or
determinate. Perithecia small, black, shining, sessile and subglobose
; peritheciai wall dimidiate ; paraphyses numerous, slender,
involved in mucus but distinct, not bran ch ed ; asci elongate-
cylindrical or -clavate; spores fusiform, 3-septate, colourless,
usually 0,016-20 mm. long, 0,004-6 mm. thick, sometimes longer
and slightly thicker.— Verrucaria carpinea Pers. ex Ach. Meth.
p. 120 (1803). V, fusiformis Leight. Angioc. Lich. p. 42, t. 18,
fig. 2 (1851). V. chlorotica f. carpinea Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 116
(1870); Leight. Lich. PI. p. 4 4 5 ; ed. 3, p. 473. Arthopyrenia
macularis yar. fusiformis Mudd Man. p. 301 (1861).
Exsicc. Bohl. n. 82 (as Verrucaria olivácea) ; Leight. n. 99 ;
Mudd n. 289; Carroll Lich. Hib. n. 34.
Similar to P. chlorotica in the form and contents of the perithecia,
but differing in habitat and in the structure of the thallus. There
has been considerable confusion between this plant and Verrucaria
olivácea Borr. : the latter has much longer multiseptate spores.
Hab. On bark of trees.—Distr. Frequent in the Channel Islands,
England, and S., AV. and Central Ireland, very rare in Scotland.—
B. M. Torquay, Devon ; Crawley, Sussex ; Ulting, Essex ; near Norton,
AVorcester ; Shelton Eough, near Shrewsbury, and Church Stretton,
Shropshire ; Gwydir AVoods, Bettws-y-Coed and Trefriw, Carnarvonshire;
Ayton, Sowerdale and Cliffrigg, Cleveland, Yorkshire; Castle
Bernard, Enniskean, Crosshaven and Tullagreen, Cork ; Glencar and
Killarney, Kerry; Killdare, Clare; Maam Turk Mts. and Dawros
Bridge, Connemara, Galway; Armagh.
6. P. afflnis A. Zahlbr. I. e.—Thallus whitish-grey or brownish,
effuse, smooth or wrinkled. Perithecia black, minute, hemispherical,
semi-immersed, becoming prominent ; peritheciai wall
dimidiate ; paraphyses distinct, slender, loose ; asci small, elongate
cylindrical, slightly swollen in the middle ; spores 6-8 in the
ascus, colourless, cylindrical-fusiform, 3-septate, 0,014-21 mm.
long, 0,003—4 ram. thick.—Sagedia affinis Massal. Mem. Lich.
p. 138, t. 25, fig. 169 (1853). Verrucaria affinis Cromb. in Journ.
Bot. xiv. p. 362 (1876) ; Leight. Lich. PI. ed. 3, p. 472.
Exsicc. Larb. Lich. Hb. n. 119.
Closely related to the preceding, but with more distinct paraphyses
and with smaller asci and spores, the latter being often rather blunt
at the ends.
Hab. On bark of trees, holly, birch, &c.—Distr. Eare in AV. Ireland.
—B. M. Doughruagh Mts., Loughcooter, Letterfrack and Kylemore,
Connemara, Galway.
7. P. chlorotica AVainio Lich. Brésil ii. p. 224 (1890).—
Thallus greyish, olivaceous or brown, thin, effuse or determinate,
continuous or slightly cracked or sometimes granular. Perithecia
small, black, almost globose and superficial or slightly immersed,
minutely papillate a t the ostiole ; peritheciai wall incurved a t
the base, dimidiate ; paraphyses numerous, slender, distinct ;
asci elongate-cylindrical ; spores elongate-fusiform, colourless,
3-septate, usually about 0,016-20 mm. long, 0,004-6 mm. thick,
rarely somewhat larger.— Verrucaria chlorotica Ach. Lich. Univ.
p. 283 (1810); Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 116 (excl. f. carpinea);
Leight. Lich. Fl. 444 ; ed. 3, p. 472 (incl. ff'. trachona & subin-
tegra and var. codonoidea, excl. f. carpinea). V. trachona Ach.
Meth. Suppl. p. 16 (1803); Fngl. Bot. t. 2647? Tayl. in Mackay
Fl. Hib. ii. p. 93 (1836) pro p a rte ; Leight. Angioc. Lich. p. 50,
t. 22, fig. 1. V. perminuta Deakin in Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 2,
xiii. p. 35, t. 2, fig. 6 (1854); Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 450; ed. 3,
p. 482. V. Harrimanni Leight. Lich. Fl. ed. 3, p. 476 (1879)
(non Ach.). V. codonoidea Leight. Angioc. Lich. p. 53, t. 23, fig. 3
(1851). V. subintegra Nyl. in Flora xlviii. p. 212 (1865) ; Cromb.
Lich. Brit. p. 116. Arthopyrenia macularis Mudd Man. p. 300,
t. 5, fig. 125 (1861) (incl. vars. codonoidea & trachona, excl.