pp. 361 & 428. Graphis Cerasi Ach. Lich. Univ. p. 268 (1810);
S. h. Gray Nat. Arr. i. p. 502. G. scripta var. recta Pr.
Lich. Lur. p. 371 (1831); Mudd Man. p. 239. G. serpentina
var^ recta Leight. in Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, xiii. p. 275
(1854); vai’. horizontalis Leight. tom. cit. p. 271. Opegrapha recta
Humb. PI. Priberg. p. 57 (1793). 0. betulina Pers. in Ust. Ann.
Pot. vii. p. 31 (1794). 0. Cerasi Pers. op. cit. xi. p. 20 (1794) ■
Engl. Bot. t. 2301. y \
Exsicc. Leight. n. 244 ; Mudd n. 217.
Easily recognized by the linear arrangements of the apothecia,
which are usually rather long and narrow (f. recta), or slightly wider
and subpruinose (f. horizontalis). In the specimens marked
G. Cerasi thej' are mostly rather short and narrow.
Hab. On the bark of various trees.—Distr. Somewhat rarer, but
coextensive with the species.—B. M. AVithiel, Cornwall; Newton
Bushel and Becky Falls, Devon; New Forest, Hants; St. Leonard’s,
Sussex ; Shiere, Surrey ; Epping Forest, Gosfield AVoods, and Ulting,
Essex; Barmouth, Merioneth; Abdon, Shropshire; Nantybelan,
Denbighshire; Baysdale Gill, Cleveland, Yorkshire; Beld Craig,
Moflat, Dumfriesshire; Falls of Clyde, Lanarkshire; Craigforth,
Stirlingshire; near Cork.
Nar. stellata Mudd Man. p. 239 (1861).—Thallus similar to
the species. Apothecia short, rather plane and often pruinose,
arranged in more or less stellate groups, and tapering towards the
outer end.—f. stellata Leight. Lich. PI. p. 365 ; ed. 3, p. 429.
Graphis serpentina var. stellata Leight. in Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist,
ser. 2, xiii. p. 273 (1854).
Exsicc. Mudd n. 221 (as var. diffracta).
Hab.—On the bark of trees.—Distr. Somewhat rare in S. and
N. England.—B. M. New Forest, Hants; near Crawley, Sussex;
Messing, Essex; Little Alalvern, AVoroestershire; Ayton, Airyholme,
and Easby AAteod, Cleveland, Yorkshire.
Var. minuta Mudd I. c.—Thallus similar to the species.
Apothecia short, simple, straight or rarely curved, narrow, ra th e r
prominent, the margins thickish and unifoi-m; disc usually
narrow, sometimes slightly pruinose.—f. minuta Leight. Lich.
Fl. p. 363 (1 8 /1 ); ed. 3, p. 428. G. serpentina var. minuta
Leight. in Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, xiii. p. 32 (1854).
Distr. Eare in S. and N. England and S. Ireland.—B. M. St.
Breook, Cornwall; Becky Falls and Ullacombe, near Bovey Traoejy
Devon ; near Lyndhurst, New Forest, H an ts; Glynde, Sussex; AA^eald
Hall Park, Essex; Cirencester, Gloucester ; Airyholme AVood, Cleveland,
Yorkshire ; Brown’s Demesne, Eiverstown, Cork.
Var. serpentina Nyl. Lich. Scand. p. 252 (1861).—Thallus
superficial, thickish, white or greyish, tartareous, pulverulent,
determinate, or reduced to a thinnish layer. Apothecia
immersed in the thallus then more or less erumpent, crowded,
curved, simple or variously branched ; disc rather narrow.
becoming wider, sometimes subpruinose ; margins thin, elevated,
often crisp and wavy, the thallus usually forming an outer white
margin.—Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 96 ; Leight. Lich. PI. p. 365
(incl. ff. cutypa, spatliea and tremulans) ; ed. 3, p. 429 (incl. ff.) ;
vars. radiata (non Leight.), spathea, tremulans, eutypa and diffracta
Mudd Alan. pp. 238-240 (1861). Lichen serpentinus Ach. Lich.
Suec. Prodr. p. 25 (1798). Opegrapha serpentina Schrad. in
Schrad. Journ. Bot. 1801, i. p. 79 [1803]; Engl. Bot. t. 1755 ?
Graphis serpentina Ach. Lich. Univ. p. 269 (1810) pro parte
(incl. vars. spathea and eutypa, p. 270 ; var. rugosa, p. 271) ;
S. F. Gray Nat. Arr. i. p. 502 ; vars. spathea, tremulans and eutypa
Leight. in Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, xiii. pp. 273 & 274
(1854). G. diffracta Turn, ex Leight. I. c. p. 276, t. 6, f. 21
(incl. vars.).
Exsicc. Leight. nos. 22, 340; Mudd nos. 218, 219, 220, 222.
Chiefly characterized by the superficial whitish thallus, and almost
specifically distinct in the extreme forms. AVhen it is thick and
tartareous with the apothecia deeply immersed it is f. eutypa ; with a
thinner thallus the apothecia become more prominent and have either
rather thick straight margins (f. spathea) or excessively wavy and
tremulous ones (f. tremulans). The disc is usually rather narrow,
though there are intermediate forms with a wider pruinose disc that
connect it with var. p>ulverulenta.
Hah.—On trees.—Distr. Fairly common throughout England and
S. AV. Ireland ; rarer in Scotland.—B. M. AVithiel, Cornwall ; near
Lustleigh, Torquay and Ullacombe, near Bovey Tracey, Devon; New
Forest, Hants; Hurst, Balcombe and Ardingly, Sussex; Bpping
Forest, Gosfield, Codham Hall AVoods, Hadleigh Woods and Tolles-
liunt d’Aroy, Messing, Essex; Abdon and near Shrewsbury, Shropshire;
Alalvern, AVoroestershire ; Yarmouth, Norfolk ; Newton Wood,
Ingleby Park and Airyholme AVood, Cleveland, Yorkshire ; Erthig
AVood, Denbighshire; near Glasgow, Lanarkshire; Castle Bernard
Park, Rostellan and Ballyedmond, Cork; Toro Mt., Killarney;
Killaloe, Clare ; Glenstale, Tipperary.
Var. pulverulenta Ach. Syn. p. 82 (1814).—Thallus super-
licial, whitish, effuse, thinner than, in the preceding species.
Apothecia emerging, ra th e r long and curved ; margins thickish,
elevated ; disc becoming plane and pruinose.—Oromb. Lich. Brit,
p. 96 ; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 367 (incl. f. radiata) ; ed. 3, p. 430.
Opegrapha pulverulenta Pers. in Ust. Ann. Bot. vii. j). 29 (1794)?
Graphis pulverulenta Ach. Lich. Univ. p. 266 (1810) ; S. F. Gray
Nat. Arr. i. p. 502 ? G. serpentina var. radiata Leight. in Ann.
Alag. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, xiii. p. 272 (1854).
Exsicc. Larb. Lich. Cæsar. n. 87.
Differs from the preceding variety in the thinner thallus and in
the e.xpanded pruinose apothecia.
Hab. On trees.—Distr. Eare throughout the British Isles.—B. M.
Jersey; Tregawn, AVithiel, Cornwall; Lustleigh, Devon; Codham
Hall, Hookleigh AAteods, Tolleshunt d’Arcy and Little AValtham,
Essex ; near AVorcester.