Hab. On shaded rocks, rarely on trees.—Distr. Eather rare in the
Channel Islands, S. and N. England, and S. and AV. Ireland, not recorded
from Scotland.—B. M. St. Peter’s Valley, Jersey; near Launceston,
near Penzance and AVhitesand Bay, Cornwall ; near Plymouth, Devon ;
Edderton AVood, Montgomeryshire; Bettws-y-Coed, Carnarvonshire;
Kildale and Newton Eocks, Cleveland, Yorkshire ; Dunscombe’s
AVood, Cork ; Muckruss Demesne and Dinish Island, Killarney, Kerry ;
Killery Bay and Derryclare, Connemara, Galway.
3. E. venosa Massal. in Aferli. K. K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. AVien, x.
p. 679 (1860). — Thallus tartareous, dirty-cream-coloured,
smooth, ^ continuous in turgescent patches, limited by a
black line ; verrucæ thickish, spreading. Apothecia shortly
elongate, innate, slender, variously branched and curved,
immarginate, internally pale ; spores elongate-acicular, up to
13-septate, 0,038—44 mm. long, 0,003 mm. thick.—Opegrapha
venosa Sm. Engl. Bot. t. 2454 (1812) (non Pers.); Hook, in
Sm. Engl. PI. V. p. 148. Platygramma elahorata Leight. in
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, xiii. p. 394, t. 7, f. 27 (1854).
Stigmatidium venosum Nyl. in Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Cherb. v.
p. 132 (1857); Mudd Man. p. 244; Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 101 ;
Leight. Lich. El. p. 390; ed. 3, p. 413.
Characterized by the elongate apothecia and the multiseptate
spores.
Hab. On old trees.—Distr. Eare in S. England and S. Ireland.—
B. M. Near Eyde, I. of AVight ; New Forest, Hants ; Glenstale,
Tipperary.
95. SCLEROPHYTON Eschw. Syst. Lich. p. 14, f. 8 (1824)
fide A. Zahlbr. in Engler & P ran tl Pflanzenf. i. 1*, p. 105
(1905). Stigmatella Mudd Man. p. 252 (1861). (PI. 34.)
Thallus crustaceous. Algal cells Trentepohlia. Apothecia
roundish or elongate, deeply immersed, thickly grouped, often
confluent ; hypothecium clear or colourless ; paraphyses slender,
branched; asci clavate, 8-spored; spores elongate-clavate or
fusiform, brown, pluriseptate.
AVell characterized by the brown spores. The spermogones and
spermatia are similar to those of Enterographa.
1. S. _ circumscriptum A. Zahlbr. I. c.—Thallus glaucous-
white, thick, tartareous, irregularly cracked, a t first limited by a
narrow line, becoming subdeterminate or efluse. Apothecia
minute, punctiform, crowded into small patches, solitary or
confluent in narrow lines, arranged in a dendroid manner
towards the circumference ; disc plane or slightly convex, naked
or pruinose; spores elongate-clavate, dark-brown, 4-7-septa te,
0,020--25 mm. long, 0,005 mm. thick.— Verrucaria circumscripta
Tayl. in Mackay 11. Hib. ii. p. 96 (1836). Sagedia circumscripta
Leight. Angioc. Lich. p. 24, t. 8, fig. 2 (1851). Stigmatella circumscripta
Mudd Man. p. 253 (1861). Stigmatidium circumscriptum
Carroll in Journ. Bot. iii. p. 291 (1865); Cromb. Lich. Brit,
p. 101; Leight. Lich. PL p. 389; ed. 3, p. 412; f. dendrizum
Nyl. in Flora Ixiv. p. 188 (1881).
Exsicc. Mudd n. 239 ; Larb. Lich. Hb. nos. 319, 320.
The fertile verrucæ are not distinguishable from the thick, deeply
cracked thallus. The arrangement of the apothecia ia very varied ;
usually they are irregularly scattered, sparse, and very crowded
towards the centre of the thallus and arranged in dendroid radiating
lines at the circumference (f. dendrizum), a character which is fairly
constant in well-developed specimens.
Hdb. On shaded rooks, not calcareous, usually near the sea.—■
Distr. Not uncommon in the Channel Islands and S. England ; rare
in N. England and S. and N. Ireland.—B. M. Jerbourg, Guernsey ;
Boulay Bay, Eozel, La Coupe, Belmonte Bay and Noirmont, Jersey ;
Pentire, St. Minver, AVillooe, Saltash, St. Peter’s Point and Banks of
the Tamar, Cornwall ; Lynmouth and Lydford, Devon ; Airyholme
AVood, Cleveland, Yorkshire ; Killarney, Kerry.
96. GHIODECTON Ach. Syn. Lioh. p. 108 (1814). Syncesia
Tayl. in Mackay Fl. Hib. ii. p. 103 (1836). (PI. 32.)
Thallus crustaceous, th in or often ra th e r thick. Algal cells
Trentepohlia. Apothecia black, immersed in the thalline
verrucæ, aggregate or confluent ; hypothecium thick, blackish-
brown ; paraphyses slender, branched ; asci clavate ; spores
elongate-fusiform, 2-pluri-septate, colourless. Spermogones with
cylindrical straight or bent spermatia.
Distinguished from other genera of the order by the deep black
stromatoid structure of the hypotheoium which often connects the
apothecia at the base.
1. C. albidum Leight. Angioc. Lich. p. 25, t. 8, f. 4 &
t. 9, f. 1 (1851).—^Thallus whitish, thin, pulverulent, dotted
with white elevated roundish verrucæ. Apothecia small,
immersed in the verrucæ, substellate, or solitary, confluent a t
the base in a black stroma forming the hypothecium ; paraphyses
slender, distinct ; spores fusiform, colourless, 3-septate, 0,030-40
mm. long, 0,005-6 mm. thick.—Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 404 ; ed. 3,
p. 435 (excl. vars.). G. myrticola var. albidum Mudd Man.
p. 245 (1861) ; Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 105. Syncesia albida
Tayl. in Mackay PI. Hib. ii. p. 103 (1836).
Hah. On shaded rooks.—Distr. Eare in S. and N. Ireland.—
B. M. Dunkerron, and between Kenmare and Killarney, Kerry.
2. C. petræum Del. ex Nyl. in Act. Soc. Linn. Bord. sér. 3,
i. p. 418 (1856).—Thallus white, cretaceous, rather thick, and
lumpy or warted, smooth. Apothecia immersed in the verrucæ,
crowded or confluent, flat and somewhat depressed, whitish-
pruinose ; paraphyses slender, distinct, spores elongate-fusiform,