3. L. fecundum Th. Fr. Lich. Arct. p. 202 (I860).—Thallus
effuse, verrucose-granulose, the granules concrete, often subfurfuraceous,
brownish- or greenish-grey (K —, CaCl — ). Apothecia
small, sessile, appressed, black, a t first concave, then somewhat
plane, the margin entire, a t length excluded ; hypothecium
brownish or reddish-brown ; paraphyses slender, conglutinate,
blackish a t the apices ; spores 8 in the ascus, oblong, often
narrowed a t one or the other apex, 0,022—40 mm. long,
0,010-18 mm. th ick ; hymenial gelatine deep bluish with iodine.
—L . sociale Koerb. Parerg. Lich. p. 174 (1860). Biatora socialis
Hepp ex Koerb. Z. c. Lecidea fecunda Nyl. ex Stiz. Lich. Helv.
p. 171 (1882); Cromb. in Grevillea xxii. p. 59 (non Leight. Lich.
PI. ed. 3, p. 374, fide Cromb. MS.). L. socialis Cromb. in Journ.
Bot. XX. p. 275 (1882).
Crombie in MS. notes has rejected Leighton’s description and the
specimen collected near the Wrekin, Shropshire. I have not seen
the specimen.
Hab. On dead mosses among rooks in an alpine locality.—Distr.
Very scarce on one of the S. Grampians, Scotland.—B. M. Summit
of Craig Calliach, Perthshire.
Tribe X IX . G R A P H I D E I .—Nyl. in Mém, Soc. Sci.
Nat. Cherb. iii. p. 187 (1855) emend.
Thallus shrubby or crustaceous, sometimes developed under
the bark (hypophloeodal), often little visible or wanting. Algal
cells (gonidia) Chlorophyceæ (Trentepohlia or rarely Palmellaceee).
Apothecia roundish or irregular (ardellæ), or linear (lirellse),
immarginate or with a proper margin only.
The Graphidei are distinguished by the presence of chryso-
gorààïa (Trentepohlia) in the thallus, and by the form of the
apothecia. There are six British Na tu ra l Orders :—
D IB IN A C EÆ .—Thallus crustaceous, corticate on upper
surface. See DiRINA (P a rt I. pp. 490-491).
BOCCELLACEÆ. — Thallus laciniate, strap - shaped or
roundish, corticate on both surfaces. See BOCCELEI (P a rt I
pp. 181-184). ^
LECANACTACEÆ. ■— Thallus crustaceous, not corticate.
Apothecia irregularly roundish, usually marginate.
ABTHONIACEÆ. — Thallus crustaceous, not corticate.
Apothecia irregularly roundish, linear or stellate, immarginate.
G BA PH ID A C E iE. — Thallus crustaceous, not corticate.
Apothecia linear, marginate.
CHIODECTONACEÆ.—Thallus crustaceous, not corticate
Apothecia aggregate^in stroma-like portions of the thallus.
L EC A N A C T A C E iE .
Thallus crustaceous. Algal cells, Trentepohlia. Apothecia
roundish or oblong, immersed or sessile, immarginate or with a
proper margin o n ly ; spores elongate, pluriseptate ; paraphyses
branched, confluent.
This order has affinities with the Lecideei as well as with the
Graplndei; to the latter it is more closely related by the algal
symbionts, and by the form of the apothecia. There are two British
genera;—
Apothecia with a proper margin 81. Lecanactis.
Apothecia without a proper margin ... 82. Platy g rap h a.
81. LECANACTIS Eschw. Syst. Lich. p. 14 (1824) emend.;
Koerb. Syst. Lich. Germ. p. 275 (1855). ScMsmatomma Plot.’
& Koerb. ex Massal. Bic. Lich. p. 55 (1852) ; Mudd Man
p. 222. (PI. 18.) V I '
Thallus crustaceous. Apothecia roundish with a cupular
carbonaceous proper margin ; hypothecium carbonaceous; ascus
clavate, 8-spored ; spores fusiform or acicular, 3- or 5-septate,
colourless. Spermogones with cylindrical spermatia.
1. L. premnea Weddell in Mem. Soc. Sci. Nat. Cherb. xix.
p. 295 (1875).—Thallus effuse, thin, dark-greyish or -greenish or
evanescent (K —, CaCl — ). Apothecia moderate in size, black,
naked or dark-greenish-pruinose, with a thin prominent flexuose
proper m a rg in ; _ hypothecium black, paraphyses lax, blackish-
brown a t the tips ; spores oblong-fusiform, straight or slightly
curved, 5-septate, 0,018-25 mm. long, 0,005-7 mm. thick ;
hymenial gelatine yellowish-red with iodine.—Lichen abietinus
Sm. Engl. Bot. t. 1682 (1807) (non Ach.); Leight. Angioc. Lich.
p. 66, t. 28, f. 3 (1851). Lecidea premnea Ach. Lich. Univ. p. 173
(1810); Tayl. in Mackay PI. Hib. ii. p. 119 ; Hook, in Sm. Engl.
PI. V . p. 176 ; Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 90 ; Leight. Lich. PI. p . 337 ;
ed. 3, p. 364. ScMsmatomma premneum Mudd Man. p. 222 (1861)!
Exsicc. Bohl. n. 101 ; Carroll Lich. Hib. n. 15 ; Mudd n. 197 •
Leight. n 124. ’
Sometimes confused with Biatorina premnea, which is externally
very similar, but has larger apothecia. The pruina when visible is
a,lways darker than in the following species, which is further distinguished
by the size and septation of the spores.
Hal. On old trunks of trecB.—Distr. Not uncommon in England
and S. and W. Ireland, rare in Scotland.—A. M. Near Saltram,
Bovey Tracey, Lustleigh and Lynmouth, Devon; Shanklin, I. of
Wight; New Forest, Hants; Fletching, Hassock’s Gate and Parham
Park, Sussex; Penshurst, K en t; Hainault Forest, Thorndon Hall,
Langford and Danbury Park, Essex ; near Purton, Gloucestershire ;
Mocoas Court and Brampton Bryan Park, Herefordshire; Norton,