Apothecia small, black, roundish, plane, blackish within ; spores
oboi'ate, colourless, 1-septate, 0,011-16 mm. long, 0,005-6 mm.
thick ; hymenial gelatine wine-red with iodine.—Cromb. Lich.
Brit. p. 105 ; Leight'. Lich. El. p. 393 ; ed. 3, p. 416. A. ruderalis
Nyl. in Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Cherb. iv. p. 100 (1856) ; Carroll in
Journ. Bot. iv. p. 24 (1866). A. fusca Hepp Elecht. Eur. n. 534
(1860). Lecidea lapidicola Tayl. in Mackay El. Hib. ii. ji. 124
(1836).
L.CSÌCC. Leight. n. 398 (as A. fusca).
Hab.—On calcareous rocks.—Bistr. Somewhat rare in upland
and mountainous districts of the British Isles.—B. M. Fairlight,
Hastings, Sussex ; Cirencester, Gloucestershire ; near Abergavenny,
Monmouthshire ; Dolgelly, Merioneth ; Malvern, Worcestershire ;
Ben Lawers, Perthshire ; Dunkerron and Cappaghmore Bridge, Kerry.
Spores 3-4-septate.
23. A. paralia Nyl. in Elora Ix. p. 565 (1877).—Thallus dark-
greyish- or reddish-brown, thin, ra th e r smooth. Apothecia
dark-brown, roundish, nearly plane ; colourless within ; spores
elongate-ovate, subconstricted in the middle, 3-4-septate, 0,018-22
mm. long, 0,007 mm. thick ; hymenial gelatine wine-red with
iodine.—Cromb. in Grevillea vi. p. I l l ; Leight. Lich. PL ed. 3,
p. 421.
Lxsicc. Larb. Lich. Hb. n. 113.
Hab. On maritime rocks.—B. M. Cloghan, Connemara, Galway
(the only locality).
24. A. myriocarpella Nyl. in Ann. Sci. Nat. sér. 4, xx.
p. 238 (1863).—Thallus pale-ashy-grey, effuse, thin, subareolate
or subpulverulent, sometimes evanescent. Apothecia minute,
brownish-black, roundish, plane or convex, blackish within ;
spores oblong-ovoid, colourless, 3-septate, 0,010-12 mm. long,
0,003-4 mm. thick.—Carroll in Journ. Bot. iii. p. 292 (1865) ;
Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 104; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 394; ed. 3,
p. 418. Specimen not seen.
Hab. On mica-schist rocks, collected at Aviemore, Elginshire.
Parasitic on other Lichens.
25. A. varians Nyl. Lich. Scand. p. 260 (1861).~Thallus
none. Apothecia dull-black, rounded, scattered or confluent,
plane or somewhat convex, roughish, internally pale-brown ;
spores oblong, usually 3-, sometimes 1- or 2-septate, colourless,
0,012-18 mm. long, 0,006-8 mm. th ic k ; hymenial gelatine
usually blue then wine-red with iodine.—Cromb. Lich. Brit,
p. 104; Leight. Lich. El. p. 402; ed. 3, p. 426, A. glaucomaria
Nyl. in Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Cherb. iv. p. 98 (1856) ; Leight. in
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, xviii. p. 330 (1856) ; Carroll in
Nat. Hist. Rev. vi. p. 532 (1859). A. parasemoides Nyl. I. c .;
Mudd Man. p. 251. Lichen varians Davies in Trans. Linn. Soc. ii.
p. 284, t. 28, f. 3 (1794).
Lxsicc. Baxt. Stirp. Crypt, n. 47 ; Mudd n. 238 (as A. parasemoides)
; Leight. n. 247 (as A. glaucomaria); Larb. Lich. Hb.
n. 155 ; Cromb. n. 99.
Hab. Parasitic on the apothecia of Lecanora glaucoma, destroying
the hymenium. Also recorded by Carroll {I. o.) on the apothecia of
Urceolaria scruposa.—Bistr. Chiefly in mountainous and maritime
regions.—B. M. Noirmont and La Moze, Jersey; Guernsey; Sark;
Newlyn Cliff, Penzance, and St. Minver, Cornwall; Barmouth,
Merioneth; Long Mynd, Shropshire; Pwllheli, Carnarvonshire;
Ayton, Cleveland, Yorkshire ; Milnthorpe, Westmoreland ; Portlethen,
Kincardineshire ; Appin, Argyll; Craig Guie, Braemar, Aberdeenshire ;
Lambay Island, Dublin.
26. A. subvarians Nyl. in Flora li. p. 345 (1868).—Thallus
none. Apothecia minute, scattered or confluent, blackish-hrown,
more or less convex; spores oblong-ovoid, colourless, becoming
brownish when old, 1-septate, 0,011-13 mm. long, 0,004-5 mm.
th ic k ; hymenial gelatine dark-dingy-brown with iodine. —
A. galactinaria Leight. Lich. EL ed. 3, p. 426 (1879).
Hab. Parasitic on the apothecia of Lecanora galactina.—Bistr.
Rare in S. England.—B. M. Glynde, Sussex; near Cirencester,
Gloucestershire.
27. A. punctella Nyl. ex Carroll in Nat. Hist. Rev. vi.
p. 532 (1859).—Thallus none. Apothecia minute, black, innate
sc a tte red ; spores oblong-clavate, colourless, brownish, 1-septate,
the upper cell largest ; 0,015 mm. long, 0,006 mrn. thick.—Mudd
Man. p. 252 ; Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 105 ; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 403 ;
ed. 3, p. 426.
Easily distinguished from the host by the minute size of the
apothecia.
Hab.—Parasitic on the thallus of Rhizocarpon alboatrum.—
B. M. Queenstown, near Cork (the only locality).
28. A. peltigerea Th. Er. in Bot. Not. 1866, p. 15.—Thallus
none. Apothecia ra th e r large, orbicular, somewhat convex,
appressed, black ; hypothecium thick, dark-brown; parajihyses
distinct, s to u t; spores oblong or ovate-oblong, 0,015-22 mm.
long, 0,006-8 mm. thick ; hymenial gelatine cleep-wine-red with
iodine.
Hah.—Parasitic on the thallus of Peltigera and Solorina saccata.—
B. M. On the thallus of Peltigera spuria on wall tops, Corriemulzie,
Braemar, Aberdeenshire.
84. ARTHOTHELIUM Massai. Rie. Lich. p. 54 (1852)
emend. ; Mudd Man. p. 252. (PI. 21.)
Thallus crustaceous, uniform. Algal cells Trentepohlia. Apo