Hab. Ou maritime rooks.—Bistr. Eare in N.E. England.—B. M.
On the shore of the Tyne, near Newcastle, Northumberland.
3. D. lachneum A. L. Sm.—Thallus coriaceous, squamose,
brownish-red, the squamules roundish, flexuose or incised, often
imbricate with the margins free, or appressed and adnate, under
surface rhizinose. Perithecia minute, the ostioles dark-brown ;
spores 8 in the ascus, oblong or ovate, 0,013-18 mm. long, 0,008 mm
thick.— Lichen lachneus Ach. Lich. Suec. Prodr. p. 140 (1798)
Sm. Engl. Bot. t. 1698 (1807). L . leptophyllus Sm. Engl. Bot
t. 2012, f. 1 (1809). Endocarpon lachneum Ach. Meth. p. 127
(1803) ; S. E. Gray Nat. Arr. i. p. 500 ; Tayl. in Mackay El
Hib. ii. p. 99 ; Leight. Angioc. Lich. p. 14, t. 3, f. 2 pro parte
E. rufescens Ach, Lich. IJniv. p. 304 (1810); Mudd Man. p. 267
pro p a rte ; Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 108; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 411
ed. 3, p. 443 (incl. f. lachneum). E. Hedioigii var lachneum Hook,
in Sm. Engl. Fl. v. p. 156 (1833).
Exsicc. Bohl. n. 75 (as Endocarpon Hedwigii).
The species name lachneum is older th an rufescens, and Smith’s
figure of Lichen lachneus unquestionably represents this plant.
Acharius originally described E. rufescens as reddish when fresh, and
E. lachneum as at first greenish-brown. The British specimens vary
in colour from brown to brownish-red.
Hah. On earth among rocks, chiefly in upland regions.—JDistr.
Eare in the maritime and hilly regions of the British Isles.—B. M.
St. Minver, Oornwall ; Torquay, Devon ; Albourne and near Houghton,
Sussex; Cheddar Cliffs, Clifton and Bathhampton Downs, Somerset;
Llanymynech Hill, Shropshire; Malvern Hill, W orcestershire ; Tenby,
Pembrokeshire ; Newmarket H eath, Cambridgeshire ; near Buxton and
Dovedale, Derbyshire; Malham, Yorkshire; Windermere, Westmoreland
; King’s Park, Edinburgh ; Craig Calliach and Ben Lawers,
Perthshire ; Craig Guie, Braemar, Aberdeenshire ; Hills of Applex,
Eossshhe.
4. D. hepaticum Th. Fr. Lich. Arct. p. 255 (1860).—Thallus
coriaceous, squamulose, brownish to dark-brown, the squamules
round or angular, closely adnate, more or less dispersed, the
margins entire, sometimes ra th e r raised and blackish, the under
surface fibrillose. Perithecia minute, the ostioles dark-brown;
spores 8 in the ascus, oblong, 0,011-16 mm. long, 0,006-8 mm.
thick.—Lichenoides, quod Lichen pulmonarius terrestres, etc. Dill.
Hist. Muse. p. 228, t. 30, f. 133 (1740)? Lichen trapeziformis
Zoega ex Dicks. PL Crypt, ii. (1790)? Engl. Bot. t. 595?
Endocarpon hepaticum Ach. Lich. Univ. p. 298 (1810) ; Cromb.
Lieh. Brit. p. 108 pro p a rte ; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 412; ed. 3,
p. 443 (incl. f. exiguum). E. Hedwigii S. P. Gray Nat. Arr. i.
p. 500 (1821) pro p a rte ; Grev. Fl. Edin. p. 329 pro parte ; Hook,
in Sm. Engl. Fl. v. p. 156 (1833)? (non Ach.); Leight. Angioc.
Lich. p. 14, t. 3, f. 3 (1851) pro parte. E. pusillum Tayl. in
Mackay PI. Hib. ii. p. 99 (1836) (non Hedw.) ; Mudd Man.
p. 268 (1861) pro parte. E. exiguum Nyl. in Act. Soc. Linn.
Bord. sér. 3, i. p. 422 (1856).
Exsicc. Leight. n. 135 (as Endocarpon Hedwigii); Mudd
n. 257 (as E. pusillum).
Closely allied to the preceding species, but the colour of the thallus
is usually brown, the squamules smaller, more scattered, more closely
adnate and often with a dark edge, the spores also are rather smaller.
I t has been confused with Endocarpon pusillum, which has a somewhat
similar thalline development. I t is impossible in the absence
of specimens to identify accurately tbe plants included under Lichen
trapeziformis by Dickson and Smith.
Hab. On the ground in barren places and on old walls.—Distr.
Eare throughout the British Isles.—B. M. Noirmont, Jersey ; near
Penzance, Cornwall; Babbicombe and Totnes Downs, Devon; Newhaven
Cliffs, near Lewes, and Box Grove near Chichester, Sussex;
Eeigate Hill, Surrey ; Bpping Forest, Essex ; Fairford and Cirencester,
Gloucestershire ; Moor Park, Herefordshire ; Tenby, Pembrokeshire ;
near Dolgelly, Merioneth ; I. of Anglesea ; Olapham, Yorkshire ;
Appin, Argyll ; Ben Lawers and Glen Loohay, Killin, Perthshire ;
Lower Eoad, Cork ; Dunkerron, Kerry.
5. D. cinereum Th. Fr. Lich. Arct. p. 256 (1860).—Thallus
squamulose, closely adherent, greyish-brown, the squamules
scattered or congregate, the under surface black. Perithecia
numerous, minute, with a prominent dilated dark-brown ostiole ;
spores 8 in the ascus, elliptical-oblong, ra th e r large, simple or
sometimes pseudo-septate, colourless, 0,018-22 mm. long, 0,008-
11 mm. thick.—Endocarpon cinereum Pers. in Ust. Ann. Bot. vii.
p. 28 (1794) ; Mudd Man. p. 268. E. tephroides Ach. Meth. p. 129
(1803); S. F. Gray Nat. Arr. i. p. 499 (1821); Hook. Fl. Scot.
p. 44 pro parte & in Sm. Engl. Fl. v. p. 159. Lichen tephroides
Ach. Lich. Suec. Prodr. p. 18 (1798) ; Engl. Bot. t. 2013.
Sagedia cinerea Fr. Lich. Eur. p. 413 (1831) ; Leight. Angioc.
Lich. p. 22, t. 7, f. 1. Fen-Mcan'a tephroides Nyl. in Maine et
Loire Mem. Soc. Acad. iv. p. 17 (1858) ; Cromb. Lich. Brit,
p. 108 ; Leight. Lich. PI. p. 428 ; ed. 3, p. 458.
Exsicc. Larb. Lich. Cæsar. n. 96 & Lich. Hb. n. 117.
The spores are for a long time simple and full of small granules,
but at maturity they seem to be more or less faintly septate, and have
been so figured by Leighton.
Hab. On the ground mostly in mountainous regions.—Distr. Eare
in the Channel Islands, S. and N. England, N. Scotland and W. Ireland.
—B. M. Grosnez Common, Jersey ; Cader Idris, Merioneth ; Teesdale,
Durham ; Finlarig, Killin and Ben Lawers, Perthshire ; Ben
Cruachan and I. of Lismore, Argyll; Hills of Applex, Eossshire;
Craig Guie, Braemar, Aberdeenshire ; Stronsay, Orkney ; Cleghan,
Connemara, Galway.
Var. cartilagineum A. L. Sm.—Squamules firmer, more
cartilagineous th an in the species, subimbricate and sublobate,
pale-greyish or brownish.— Verrucaria tephroides var. cartilaginea