black, innate, plane or often angular and umbonate, with a thin
flexuose margin ; hypothecium colourless or brownish ; paraphyses
discrete, bluish-green or dark-brown a t the apices ; spores,
spherical or subellipsoid, 0,003-4 mm. long, 0,002-3 mm. thick.—
Lecidea Morio Fr. Lich. F u r. p. 319 (1831) ; Cromb. Lich. Brit,
p. 84 ; Leight. Lich. FI. p. 353 ; ed. 3, p. 382.
Has much the appearance of Lecidea fuscoatra.
Hdb. On rooks.—Distr. Somewhat uncommon in maritime, or
ohiefly in alpine districts in England and Scotland, not recorded from
Ireland.—B. M. Barmouth, near Dogelly, and Cader Idris, Merioneth ;
Yorkshire ; Ben Lawers, Perthshire ; Morrone, Braemar, Aberdeenshhe.
Var. cinerea Mudd I. c.—Thallus cracked-areolate, the areolæ
crowded towards the centre, greyish-brown, less distinctly
effigurate a t the circumference. Otherwise as in the type.—
Lecidea Morio var. cinerea Schær. Enum. p. 108 (1850). Specimen
not seen.
Mudd cites Leighton’s Exsicc. L. fuscoatra n. 304, but the specimen
of this number in the British Museum belongs to L. fuscoatra.
Hdb. On rocks.—Distr. Wales (Barmouth, Merioneth) and N.
England.
73. BIATORINA Massal. Ric. Lich. p. 134 (1852) emend. ;
Mudd Man. p. 175 (1861). Thalloidima Massal. I. c. p. 95 ;
Mudd Man. I. c. p. 172. Catillaria Massal. I. c. p. 78. (PL 10.)
Thallus minutely squamulose {Thalloidima), turgid or variously
crustaceous, sometimes evanescent or wanting. Algal cells Protococcus
or rarely Trentepohlia. Apothecia either light-coloured
and biatorine {Biatorina) or black and lecideine {Catillaria), th e
proper margin often obliterated ; spores usually 8 in the ascus,
ellipsoid or oblong, usually 1-septate, colourless.
Massalongo described three genera, Thalloidima, Catillaria and
Biatorina, which differ slightly in the form of the thallus and the
texture of the apothecia, but are all characterized by the colourless
usually 2-ceUed spores. Mudd united Catillaria and Biatorina under
the latter, retaining Thalloidima as a separate genus.
1. B. coeruleonigricans A. L. Sm.—Thallus determinate,
squamulose, usually bluish-grey-pruinose, pale-brown, glaucous-
or bluish-black (K — , CaCl — ) ; squamules smooth, turgid-plicate
in the centre, roundly lobed a t the circumference. Apothecia
sessile, moderate, plane or somewhat convex, bluish-black, bluish-
grey-pruinose or naked, the margin thick, obtuse, occasionally
flexuose, a t length excluded ; paraphyses dark-brown a t the
apices ; hypothecium reddish- or dark-brown ; spores subfusi-
form or siibacicular, 0,018-30 mm. long, 0,002-4 mm. thick ;
hymenial gelatine bluish then wine-red with iodine.—Lichenoides
glaucum, squamis crassis, hrevissimis Dill. Hist. Muse. p. 228,
t. 30, f. 135 (1740). Lichen coeruleonigricans Lightf. FI. Scot. ii.
p. 805 (1777); With. Arr. ed. 3, iv. p. 10; Engl. Bot. t. 1139.
Fatellaria vesicularis Hoffm. PI. Lich. ii. p. 30 (1794). Lepidoma
vesiculare S. P. Gray Nat. Arr. i. p. 460 (1821). Lecidea
vesicularis Hook. FI. Scot. ii. p. 40 (1821) ; Cromb. Lich. Brit,
p. 76 ; Leight. Lich. FI. p. 313. L. coeruleonigricans Schær.
Enum.’ p. 101 (1850) ; Tayl. in Mackay FL Hib. ii. p. 131 ;
Leight. Lich. FI. ed. 3, p. 330. Psora coeruleonigricans Hook, in
Sm. Engl. FI. v. p. 192 (1833). Thalloidima vesiculare Massal.
Ric. Lich. p. 95 (1852) ; Mudd Man. p. 173, t. 3, f. 63.
Lxsicc. Dicks. Hort. Sicc. n. 24; Bohl. n. 67 ; Leight. n. 335 ;
Mudd n. 143; Larb. Cæsar. n. 34 & Lich. Hb. n. 230; Cromb.
n. 179 ; Johns, n. 377.
Varying as to the colour and size of the thallus according to the
nature of the habitat. The squamules are somewhat discrete or
congested and either pruinose or naked or partly both. The apothecia,
usually more or less scattered, are a t times here and there confluent
and occasionally rather large.
An apparently stunted condition, w ith the squamules conglomerate
(f. glebosa Cromb. in Grevillea xxii. p. 59), has been found among
mosses on rocks.
Hab. On the ground and in crevices of rooks, chiefly calcareous, in
maritime and upland situations.—AtsZr. Not unfrequent and plentiful
where it occurs, in Great Britain ; apparently rare in E. Ireland and
the Channel Islands.—A. M. Port Gorey, Sark; Quenvais, Jersey;
near Ventnor, I. of Wight ; Torquay, Devon ; Bray Hill, St. Minver,
Cornwall; C l e v e Hill, Yatton and Bathford Hill, Somerset ; Newhaven
and Rottingdean, Sussex; near Bristol, Gloucestershire; Llangollen,
Denbighshire; Thetford Warren, Norfolk; Gogmagog Hills, Cambridgeshire;
Ashwood Dale, Buxton, Derbyshire; near Tenby, Pembrokeshire
; Puffin Island, Anglesea ; Great Orme’s Head, Carnarvonshire
; Oswestry and Llanymynech Hill, Shropshire ; Stutton, Yorkshire
; Teesdale, Durham ; Inohkeith, near Edinburgh ; near Appin
House, Argyll; Ben Lawers and Craig Tulloch, Perthshire; Craig
Guie, Braemar, Aberdeenshire ; near Dublin ; near Cork.
2. B. Candida J a t ta Syll. Lich. Ita l. p. 372 ^ 9 0 0 ).—Thallus
determinate, squamulose, white, densely white-suffused, the
squamules tumid, plicate, congested and imbricate in the centre,
lobed a t the circumference, the lobes rarely subcrenate a t the
margins (K —, CaCl — ). Apothecia appressed, moderate, plane
or slightly convex, black, bluish-grey-pruinose, a t length naked,
the margin thickish, entire ; hypothecium pale-reddish-brown ;
paraphyses subconcrete, dark-brown a t the apices ; spores fusiform
or fusiform-acicular, 0,016—23 mm. long, 0,003—5 mm.
thick ; hymenial gelatine bluish th en sordid-wine-red with iodine.
— Lichen candidus Weber Spicil. FI. Goett. p. 193 (1778).
Lecidea Candida Ach. Meth. p. 79 (1803) ; Cromb. Lich. Brit,
p. 77 ; Leight. Lich. FI. p. 313 ; ed. 3, p. 330. Lepidoma candidum
S. F. Gray Nat. Arr. i. p. 460 (excl. syn. Engl. Bot.)
(1821). Thalloidima candidum Massal. Ric. Lich. p. 96, fig. 197
(1852); Mudd Man. p. 172.