Hah. On rocks.—Distr. Rare in W. Ireland.—B. M. Kylemore,
Connemara, Galway.
14. V. asthiobola Wahlenb. ex Ach. Meth. Suppl. p. 17
(1803).—Thallus dark-olivaceous, effuse, thin, gelatinous when
moist, sometimes slightly cracked. Perithecia moderate in size,
numerous, black, a t first covered by the thallus, then emergent ;
peritheciai wall entire or thinly developed a t the base ; spores
ellipsoid, 0,014—24 mm. long, 0,006—010 mm. thick ; hymenial
gelatine wine-red with iodine.—Y. margacea var. setliiohola Nyl.
Lich. Scand. p. 272 (1861) ; Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. I l l ; Leight.
Lich. PI. p. 416 ; ed. 3, p. 447. V. deoergescens Nyl. in Plora
Ix. p. 462 (1877)? Cromb. in Grevillea vi. p. 114: Leight. Lich.
PI. ed. 3. p. 448.
Exsicc. Leight. n. 32 (as V. irrigua Tayl. var. erysiboda
Leight.).
V. devergescens has been included as the specimen in the British
Museum bearing the same date and from the same locality, as the
type is identical with V. oethiohola. Nylander gives a larger size for
the spores, 0,019-29 mm. long.
Hah. On wet rooks.—Distr. Eather rare in S.W. and N. England
and in S. and W. Ireland.—E. M. Withiel, Cornwall; Dartmouth,
Devon; Fishguard, Pembrokeshire; Dolgelly, Merioneth; Pfridd-du,
near Aber, Carnarvonshire ; Ayton, Bilsdale and Sowerdale, Cleveland,
Yorkshire; near Ballinhassig and near Cork; Caher Mt., Dunkerron
and Blaokwater Bridge, Kerry; Doughruagh Mt. and Letterfrack,
Connemara, Galway.
Var. acrotella A. L. Sm.—Thallus evanescent. Perithecia
hemispherical, crowded or scattered, the peritheciai wall spreading
a t the base; spores as in the species?— V. acrotella Ach.
Meth. p. 123 (1803)? Tayl. in Mackay Fl. Hib. ii. p. 9 4 ;
Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 115 (excl. syn.). V. margacea var.
acrotella Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 417 (1871) ; ed. 3, p. 448 (excl.
syn.). Lichen acrotellus Sm. Engl. Bot. t. 1712 (1807). Lithocia
striatula var. acrotella S. P. Gray Nat. Arr. i. p. 498 (1821).
Considered by Continental botanists to represent a form allied to
V. oethiohola but always imperfectly developed. The Sowerby
specimen has no spores, but one from Ireland, determined by
Nylander as V. acrotella, though without thallus, has minute
scattered apothecia and spores 0 ,0 2 1 mm. long, 0,007 mm. thick.
Hab. On stones.—EtsZr. Eare in S. England and in S.W. and N.
Ireland.—B .M . Withiel, Cornwall ; Aldington Beach, Kent ; Ireland.
15. V. submersa Schær. Spicil. p. 334 (1836) (non Borr.).—
Thallus determinate, thin, smooth, greenish when moist, becoming
darker when dry, here and there slightly cracked. Perithecia
small, immersed, then semi-emergent, sometimes surrounded a t
the base by a slight elevation of the thallus ; peritheciai wall
dimidiate or continuous under the base in a thin layer ; spores
ellipsoid, 0,015-24 mm. long, 0,006-010 mm. thick.—Mudd Man.
p. 286. V. chlorotica Hepp Flecht. Eur. n. 94 (1853) (non Ach.) ;
Mudd Man. p. 285. V. margacea var. submersa Cromb. Lich.
Brit. p. 112 (1870).
Exsicc. Leight. n. 34 ; Mudd n. 272.
Differs from V. cethiohola in the lighter-coloured and usually
better developed, more continuous thallus, forming a transition
between it and V. papillosa. In some specimens the ^ spores are
persistently small, usually they measure about the same size as those
of V.
Hab. Cn rocks and stones in moist situations.—Distr. Rare in
N. and AV. England, N.AV. Scotland, and in S. and W. Ireland.—E. M.
AVotton-under-Edge, Gloucestershire; Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire
; Great Orme’s Head, Carnarvonshire ; near Ayton and Kildale,
Cleveland, Yorkshire ; I. of Lismore, Argyll ; Ballinhassig, Glanmire
Eoad, Cork ; Blaokwater Bridge, Kerry.
16. V. papillosa Ach. Lich. Univ. p. 286 (1810).—Thallus
greyish, cracked into small irregular areolæ, effuse or déterminante.
Perithecia immersed then semi-emergent from a slight elevation
of the thallus ; peritheciai wall dimidiate or continuous under
the base in a thin lay er; spores ellipsoid, 0,018-24 mm. long,
0,006-010 mm. th ic k .-L e ig h t. Angioc. Lich. p. 54, t. 24, fig. 1 ;
Mudd Man. p. 287. V. m a r g a c e a y&v. papillosa Nyl. Lich. Scand.
p. 272 (1861); Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 112; Leight. Lich. Fl.
p. 417 ; ed. 3, p. 447.
Exsicc. Mudd n. 274 (thallus poorly developed). Larb. Lich.
Hb. n. 159 (as V. ætliiobola).
Closely allied to the preceding, from which it differs only in the
usually rather thicker more areolate thallus and the more papillose
appearance of the perithecia which emerge from slight swellings oi
the thallus.
Hab. On rocks and stones in moist situations.—E is ir. Eather
rare in the Channel Islands, S.AV. and N. England and AV. Ireland.—
E. M. St. Lawrence Hill, Jersey; Harberton and near Totnes,
Devon ; Shanklin, I. of Wight ; AVorcester ; near Tenby, Pembrokeshire;
Sowerdale, Cleveland, Yorkshire; Killarney, Kerry; Kiliery
Bay and near Lettermore, Connemara, Galway; AVestport, Mayo.
Thallus crustaceous or cart 1, cracleed-areolate, effuse.
17. V. viridula Ach. Lich. Univ. p. 675 (1810).—Thallus
effuse, tartareous or crustaceous, thickish, pale or greenish-olive-
brown, cracked-areolate, the areolæ irregular smooth or wrinkled
or verrucose. Perithecia black, large, deeply immersed, the
upper p a rt visible ; peritheciai wall black, thick over the upper
half continued by a thin black layer under the base ; ^spores
broadly ellipsoid, large, 0,018-35 mm. long, 0,010-17 mm.
thick.—Borr. in Sm. Engl. Bot. Suppl. after t. 2623, fig. 2 (text) ;
Hook, in Sm. Engl. Fl. v. p. 153 ; Tayl. in Mackay Fl. Hib. ii.
p. 91 ? Mudd Man. p. 289 ; Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. I l l (excl. var.