by the more spreading tips. Harmand cites as important the
presence in older specimens of white scurfy clots on the podetia,
due to the breaking up of the external cortex, a character which
is also found in G. rangiferina and G. sylvatica. G. impexa is
probably a growth form of the latter.
Hab. On bare or mossy soil, &e., chiefly in upland regions.—R. M.
Killinster Moss, Caithness (collected and determined by D. Lillie).
Part i. p. 327, after G. proboscidea.
Gyrophora spodochroa Ach. Meth. p. 108 (1803).—Thallus
colourless, ashy-grey or brownish-grey, monophyllous, rigid,
moderate in size or large, below pallid-grey, brownish or
brownish-black, minutely granular areolate, more or less hirsute
and fibrillose. Apothecia plane or somewhat convex, the gyrose
lines almost obsolete, unequally papillate with one larger central
papilla ; spores variable, colourless, then brown, ellipsoid, simple,
rarely becoming septate, 0,018-29 mm. long, 0,010-18 mm.
thick.— IJmbiliearia spodochroa Hofim. Deutsch. Fl. p. 113 (1795).
Hab. On rocks.—R. M. Lower crags of Langdale Pikes, Westmoreland
(collected and determined by J. A. AVheldon and A. Wilson).
P a rt i. p. 403, after L. isidioides.
Lecanora mougeotioides Nyl. in Flora Iv. p. 364 (1872).—
Thallus greenish-yellow or straw-coloured, closely adpressed,
radiate-squamulose a t the circumference, areolate and warted in
the centre with a black prominent hypotballus. Apothecia
somewhat depressed, black with a yellowish m a rg in ; spores
ellipsoid, 1-septate, dark-brown, 0,010-13 mm. long, 0,005-6 mm.
thick.—Bloomfield in Journ. Bot. xlviii. p. 141 (1910).
Determined by A. Zahlbruckner (Bugler & Prantl Pflanzenf.
i, 1*, p. 238 (1907)) as a species of Binodina on account of the
2-celled brown spores, and as synonymous with B. oreina Wainio
[Lecanora oreina Ach. Syn. p. 181 (1814)). Nylander considered it
a distinct species on account of the reaction with caustic potash
which, in B. oreina, gives no coloration, while in L. mougeotioides
there is a distinct yellowing of the surface and medulla of the thallus.
Hab. On rooks, Fairlight Undercliff, Sussex.
P a rt ii. p. 49, after L. ruhidula.
Lecidea pleiospora A. L. Sm. in Journ. Bot. xlix. p. 41,
t. 510, fig. 1 (1911).—Thallus thin, greenish, indistinct, consisting
of a confused layer of fungal hyphæ and algæ. Apothecia
minute, about 0,250 mm. in diameter, immarginate, blackish-
hrown, internally reddish ; hypothecium narrow, brownish-
red ; epithecium brownish-red; paraphyses few, slender, conglutinate,
scarcely visible; asci oblong-clavate, about 0,075
mm. long, 0,012 mm. wide, 12-18-spored ; spores globose or
slightly irregular in size and form, colourless with a distinct
I
epispore, 0,006-8 mm. in d iameter; hymenial gelatine blue th en
sordid wine-red with iodine.
Belongs to the Biatora section of Lecidece, and from the description
of Lecidea ruhidula is allied to th a t species. The excessive
number of spores is constant in the apothecia examined.
Hab. On the soil in a disused olay-pit.—R. M. Little Bowden,
Northamptonshire (collected by H. P. Reader).
P a rt ii. p. 75, after L. lapicida.
Lecidea declinascens Nyl. in Flora Ixi. p. 243 (1878).—
Thallus ashy-greyish, deeply cracked-areolate, the areolæ contiguous
or dispersed. Apothecia black, a t first plane and marginate,
often confluent, becoming turgid and immarginate ;
hypothecium dark-brown ; paraphyses slender, non-septate, dark-
hluish-green a t the tip s; spores ellipsoid-oblong, small, 0,010-14
mm. long, 0,005-6 mm. thick ; hymenial gelatine blue with
iodine.
Differs from L. lapicida var. declinans Nyl. in the non-septate
paraphyses. The specimen sent by J. A. Martindale was determined
by Nylander.
Hab. On rocks.—R. M. Red Screes, Westmoreland.
P a rt ii. p. 109, after B. resinæ.
Biatorella campestris Th. P r. Gen. Heterolich. p. 86 (1861)
(fe Lich. Scand. p. 398.—Thallus scanty, granular or none
proper. Apothecia small, waxy, scattered, sessile, closed then
open, marginate, becoming flat or convex, reddish flesh-coloured,
the margin disappearing ; paraphyses slender, septate, colourless,
somewhat bent and swollen a t the tips ; asci elongate-cylindrical,
or clavate, thick-walled, about 0,090-120 mm. long, 0,015-18
mm. thick or longer and n a rrow e r; spores, many in the ascus,
cylindrical, straight, 0,007-8 mm. long or ra th e r longer, 0,003
mm. thick.
Hdb. Among mosses, and growing over Nostoc or soil.—R. M.
Braunton Beacon, Devon (collected by E. M. Holmes).
Part ii. p. 214, under Arthonia pruinata.
Inoderma byssacea S. E. Gray, Nat. Arr. i. p. 498 (1821).—
“ Thallus ra th e r leprous, cobwebby, dirty-white ; apothecia very
small, nearly globular, half-sunk, pierced, inside black.”—
Sphæria byssacea Weig. Obs. Bot. p. 42, t. 2, fig. 9 (1772).
Considered by Nylander (Flora xxxviii. p. 297 (1855) ) as the
spermogones of Arthonia pruinosa [A. pruinata) ; by Almquist
(K. Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl. xvii. n. 6, p. 25 (1880)) as Arthonia
hyssacea ; and by Arnold (Flora Ixvii. p. 594 (1884) ) as belonging to
Lecanactis hyssacea.
Hdb. On the trunks of trees.
II. 2 A