Lich. Germ. p. 370 (1855) ). Verrucaria Lahurni Leight. Lich.
Fl. p. 435 (1871) ; ed. 3, p. 465.
Exsicc. Leight. n. 254; Mudd n. 291.
Easily confused with A. rhyponta ; it differs in the narrower,
2-celled spores.
Hab. On laburnum and other trees.—Distr. Rare throughout the
British Isles.—R. M. Cirencester, Gloucestershire ; Ayton, Cleveland,
Yorkshire ; Trehlw, Carnarvonshire ; Aberfeldy, Perthshire.
11. A. microspila Koerb. Parerg. Lich. p. 392 (1865).—
Thallus forming dull black filmy or roughish spots on the bark.
Perithecia minute, black, prominent, hemispherical, slightly
papillose above ; peritheciai wall entire with a th in wall under
the base ; spores colourless, linear-oblong, 1-septate, small,
0,013-17 ram. long, 0,003-5 mm. thick, or sometimes a little
longer.—A. rhjponta Mudd Man. p. 303 (1861) (non Massal.).
Verrucaria rliyponta Borr. in Engl. Bot. Suppl. n. 259/, fig. 2
(1829) (non Ach.) ; Hook, in Sm. Engl. Fl. v. p. 150 (excl. syn.
Ach.) ; Tayl. in Mackay El. Hib. ii. p. 89 ; Leight. Angioc. Lich.
p. 37, t. 16, fig. 1 ; var. rliypontella Nyl. in Elora 1. p. 374
(1867) ; Cromb. /. c. V. capnodes Nyl. in Flora 1. p. 330 (1867) ;
Lindsay in Quart. Journ. Micros. Sci. ix. p. 351 (1869); Cromb.
Lich. Brit. p. 120 ; Leight. Lich. El. p. 438 ; ed. 3, p. 468 ;
var. rliypontella Leight. Lich. El. p. 439 (1871); ed. 3, p. 468.
Confused with A. rliyponta, but differs in the rougher more felted
thallus, the form and size of the spores and the habitat, it being often
found growing on the thallus of Graphis sp.
Hab. On bark, associated with, or growing over, Graphis sp.—
Distr. Rare in S. and N. England and S. Ireland.—B. M. Sussex ;
Castle Bernard Park, Cork ; Armagh.
12. A. Taylori Mudd Man. p. 302 (1861).—Thallus dark-
brown, thin, forming irregular determinate spots. Perithecia
black, minute, numerous, globose-conical, immersed a t the base,
the ostiole minutely papillate ; peritheciai wall entire, black ;
paraphyses free, slender ; asci elongate-clavate ; spores colourless,
fusiform, 1-septate, constricted, the cells usually with two or
more guttulæ, 0,025-30 mm. long, 0,004-5 mm. thick ; hymenial
gelatine yellow, tlie spores brown with iodine.— Verrucaria
Taylori Carroll ex Nyl. in Maine e t Loire Mém. Soc. Acad. iv.
p. 82 (1858) ; Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 120 ; Leight. Lich. El. p. 438 ;
ed. 3, p. 467.
Exsicc. Carroll Lich. Hib. n. 29.
Hah. On trees, chiefly ash or oak.—Distr. Eare in S.W. England.
Not uncommon in S. and S.AV. Ireland.—R. M. Torquay, Devon;
Glenbower AVood, Dunscombes AVood, Castle Bernard Park and
Eostellan, Cork ; Dinish, Killarney and Valentía Island, Kerry ; Clare
Glen, Tipperary.
13. A. aphorisasa A. L. Sm.—Thallus indicated by brownish-
black detached well-defined spots. Perithecia black, almost
innate and hemispherical, many being congregated in each sp o t;
peritheciai wall dimidiate ; paraphyses numerous, branching, indistinct
; spores 4 to 8 in the ascus, colourless, a t length brown,
oblong, 1-septate, rather large, 0,020-28 mm. long, 0,005-7 mm.
thick ; hymenial gelatine tinted blue or violet with iodine.—
Verrucaria aphorisasa Stirton in Grevillea iii. p. 36 (1874);
Leight. Lich. Fl. ed. 3, p. 467. Specimen not seen.
Hab. On bark of elm at Grantown, Elgin.
Growing on rocks, sand or soil (or on mosses); spores 1-septate.
14. A. saxicola Massal. Symm. Lich. p. 107 (1855).—Thallus
whitish or bluish-grey, thin, effuse or in patches, pulverulent.
Perithecia minute, black, shining, semi-immersed; paraphyses
mucilaginous, in d istin c t; spores 8 in the ascus, colourless, oblong-
elongate, 1-septate, slightly constricted, colourless, 0,020-21 mm.
long, 0,005 mm. thick.— Verrucaria saxicola Cromb. in Journ.
Bot. xiv. p. 362 (1876)? Leight. Lich. Fl. ed. 3, p. 461.
Distinguished by the extremely minute perithecia, which are
comparable with those of Microthelia dispora.
Hab. On calcareous rocks.—Distr. Rare in AV. England.—R. M.
Duntisborne, Gloucestershire.
15. A. spilobola A. L. Sm.—Thallus black, thin, evanescent.
Perithecia black, small, somewhat prominent, crowded or aggregate
; peritheciai wall entire ; paraphyses stoutish, entangled and
in d istin c t; asci oblong-ovate; spores colourless, oblong-ovate,
1-septate, 0,015-20 mm. long, 0,005-8 mm. th ic k ; hymenial
gelatine not tinged with iodine.— Verrucaria spilobola Nyl. in
Flora Iv. p. 363 (1872); Leight. Lich. Fl. ed. 3, p. 469.
Nylander states that the gonidia are green and often 4-oonnate.
In the specimen examined the gonidia are cells of Trentepohlia.
Hab. On rooks.—R. M. Craig Tulloch (the only locality).
16. A. arenicola A. L. Sm.—Thallus gelatinous when wet,
dusky-olive-green, evanescent when dry. Perithecia black, hemispherical,
semi-immersed, ostiole slightly depressed with a minute
p o re ; peritheciai wall e n tire ; paraphyses slender, branched ;
spores colourless, oblong-ovoid, 1-septate, the cells granular, lower
cell somewhat tapering, 0,021-22 mm. long, 0,008 mm. th ick ;
asci and spores pale-brownish with iodine.— Verrucaria arenicola
Leight. Lich. PI. ed. 3, p. 470 (1879).
The thallus forms a thin layer over the sand; the dark, mucilaginous
character is evidently due to the presence of blue-green alg®.
Hab. On wet sand-banks.—R. M. Shelton Eough near Shrewsbury,
Shropshire (the only locality).
17. A. areniseda A. L. Sm.—Thallus ashy- or whitish-grey,
continuous, granular, following the inequalities of the substratum,
y 2