(excl. syn.) & Lich. Fl. p. 436 ; ed. 3, p. 460. V. Auruniii
Massal. Gen. Lich. p. 22 (1854) & Symm. Lich. p. 77 (1855) ;
Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 112.
Exsicc. Mudd n. 283.
The spore characters recorded are both smaller and larger than the
size given by Leighton; but the 2-eelled spores and the pitted substratum
are characteristic of all the forms.
Hab. On calcareous rooks.—Distr. Somewhat rare in upland
regions.—B. M. Hailey Wood and Tetbury near Cirencester, Gloucestershire
; Bilsdale, Yorkshire ; Morrone, Braemar, Aberdeenshire ; Dunkerron,
Kerry.
4. Th. Nylanderi Krempelh. Lich.-Fl. Bay. p. 246 (1861).
—Thallus crustaceous, thin, greyish-green, brighter green when
moist and somewhat gelatinous, cracked-areolate, effuse, with a
whitish hypothallns. Perithecia small, scattered, black, hemispherical,
prominent, a t length depressed, the ostiole poriform ;
peritheciai wall dimidiate; paraphyses mucilaginous, disappearin
g ; asci ellipsoid-ovoid, about 0,070 mm. long, 0,025—30 mm.
th ic k ; spores 8 in the ascus, ellipsoid, rather b lunt a t the ends,
with yellowish granular contents, 1-septate, 0,022-30 mm. long,
0,009-012 mm. thick.— Sagedia Nylanderi Hepp Flecht. Fur.
n. 440 (1853). Verrucaria viridis Deakin in Ann. Mag. Nat.
Hist. SGI’. 2j xiii. p. 36, t. 3, fig, 7 (1854).
There is only one small specimen collected by Deakin, but it
agrees in all essential particulars with Hepp’s species.
Hab. On sandstone rooks.—B. M. Torquay, Devon.
Spores 3-septate.
5. Th. cataractarum Mudd Man. p. 294 (1861).—Thallus
greyish-green, effuse, thin, somewhat gelatinous when moist,
subleprose when dry, sometimes evanescent. Perithecia small,
semi-immersed or nearly sessile, subglobose, soft when moist;
peritheciai wall dimidiate, b la c k ; paraphyses disappearing;
spores ellipsoid-oblong, 1-3-septate, colourless or pale-brownish,
rather large, 0,021-32 mm. long, 0,010-15 mm. thick.—Cromb.
Lich. Brit. p. 112 (excl. syn. V. margacea Leight.); Leight.
Lich. Fl. p. 429 ; ed. 3, p. 459. Sagedia cataractarum Hepp
Flecht. Fu r. n. 442 (1857).
Exsicc. Mudd n. 281 ; Leight. n. 319 (as Verrucaria margacea,
var.).
Hab. On rooks and stones in streams.—Distr. Eare in N. England
and in E., S. and AV. Ireland.—B. M. Near Ayton, Cleveland, Yorkshire
; Eossoarbery, Cork.
6. Th. papulare Arn. in Flora Ixviii. p. 147 (1885).—Thallus
greyish or brownish, crustaceous, rather thick and cracked or
thinner, furfuraceous and almost continuous, sometimes almost
obsolete. Perithecia large, black, semi-immersed or superficial.
usually depressed round the ostiole ; peritheciai wall dimidiate ;
paraphyses disappearing; spores ellipsoid, 3-septate, very large,
colourless, 0,035-50 mm. long, 0,015-20 mm. thick.— Th. pyreno-
phorum Koerb. Syst. Lich. Germ. p. 353 (1856) pro
Mudd Man. p. 294. Verrucaria papularis Fr. Lich. Fur. p. 434
(1831) fide Arn. V. Sprucei Ch. Bab. ex Leight. Angioc. Lich.
p. 54, t. 23, figs. 4-6 (1851). V. pyrenophora Leight. tom. cit.
p. 76 (non Ach.) & Lich. Fl. p. 442; ed. 3, p. 474; Cromb.
Lich. Brit. p. 112 pro parte.
Exsicc. Leight. n. 319 ; Larb. Lich, Hb. n. 240.
Often confused with Th. pyrenophorum, which it resembles in the
outward appearance of thallus and perithecia, but distmguished by the
larger 3-septate spores. Leighton’s note in Angioc. Lien. p. ,
in which he states th a t he had examined an authentic specimen of
V. pyrenophora Ach., is at variance with N y l a n d e r ’s desoription of
th a t species (Maine et Loire Mém. Soo. Acad. iy. p. 26 (185b)), and
with the Aoharian specimens at the Linnean Society.
Hab. On rocks in damp upland regions.—Disir. Eare thi'OTghout
England, Scotland and Ireland, not recorded from the Channel Islands.
—B M. AVhitecliffe Eocks near Ludlow, Craigforda and Llanymyneoli,
Shropshire ; Egremont and Lamplugh, Cumberland; Craig CalliaGi,
Perth sh ire ; Eosscarberry Eocks, Cork; Ballaghbeana Gap, K e rry ,
Doughruagh Mts. and Kylemore, Connemara, Ke rry ; Armagh.
7. Th. microcarpum A. L. Sm.—Thallus whitish, slightly
greenish or greyish, farinose or evanescent. Perithecia^ minute,
Mack, solitary or congregate, hemispherical, sessile, opening by a
pore ; peritheciai wall dimidiate; paraphyses none ; spores colourless,
oUong-ellipsoid, 3-septate, 0,026-32 mm. long, 0,012-14 mm.
thick ; hymenial gelatine wine-red with iodine.— Verrucaria nucro-
carpa Davies ex Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 442 (1871); ed. 3, p. 4/4.
Hab. On c h a l k .— Disir. Eare in S. England.—E. M. Beeding
Downs, Plumpton Downs and Glynde, Sussex.
8. Th. incavatum Mudd Man. p. 295, t. 5, fig. 122 (fe61).-—
Thallus greyish-white, tartareous, thin, smooth or somewhat iari-
nose, continuous. Perithecia black, hemispherical-globose, with
a large ostiole, deeply immersed, leaving pits in the ro c k ;
peritheciai wall entire ; paraphyses disappearing ; spores ellipsoid-
oblong, colourless, 3-septate, sometimes constricted a t the septa,
0,035-53 mm. long, 0,012-21 mm. thick.— Verrucaria pyrenophora
var. incavata Nyl. ex Mudd_ Z. c. ; Cromb. Lich. P-
Verrucaria incavata Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 445 ; ed. 3, p. 4/ .
Exsicc. Mudd n. 282.
Distinguished from Th. papulare by the pit-forming perithecia.
The spores in the specimens examined are^ smaller than the «measurements
given by L eighton ll. c., varying in size from 0,03o-40 mm. long
and 0,012-15 mm. thick.
Hab. On calcareous rocks.—E is ir. Eare in N. England, AVales and
AV. Ireland.—E. M. Buxton, Derbyshire ; Bilsdale, Yorkshire.