opening above by a pore ; spores 8 in the ascus, fusiform, simple
or septate, colourless.
Described at first as homogeneous with the thallus on which it
grows (Collemaceæ) ; its parasitic nature was determined bv
Nylander [1. c.).
1. 0. corniculatum Wallr. I c. ; Nyl. in Flora Iviii. p. 106
(1875).—Thallus none proper. Perithecia immersed or almost
superficial on the laciniæ of the host thallus, globose ; peritheciai
wall entire, thin, brownish ; paraphyses none ; asci small,
somewhat elongate, swollen in the middle ; spores shortly
fusiform, simple, with several guttulæ and pointed a t each end,
0,016-21 mm. long, 0,005-6 mm. thick ; hymenial gelatine not
tinged with iodine.— Verrucaria corniculata Leight. Lich. Fl
ed. 3, p. 497 (1879).
Hab. Parasitic on various species of Leptogium.—Distr. Eare in
S.AV. England.—B. M. AVeston-super-Mare, Somerset; Cowoombe
AVood, Chalford and near Cirencester, Gloucestershire.
2. 0. dolichoteron Nyl. in Flora Iii. p. 353 (1872).—Thallus
none proper. Perithecia projecting like small golden balls
from the tissue of the host, scattered, numerous, globose ;
peritheciai wall entire, brownish ; paraphyses none ; spores
narrow, fusiform, colourless, 3-5-septate, 0,023-27 mm. long,
0,004-5 mm. thick.— Verrucaria dolichotera Leight. Lich. Fl.
ed. 3, p. 497 (1879).
Differing from the pi-eceding in the lighter coloured perithecia, and
in the character of the spores.
Hab. Parasitic on . Collemaceæ.—B. M. Craig Tulloch, Blair
Athole, Perthshire (on Collema ineloenum).
D ERMATO CA RPAC EÆ.
Thallus spreading, foliaceous or squamulose or subcrustaceous,
corticated on one or both surfaces or non-corticated, under
surface naked or with rhizinæ. Perithecia simple, more or less
immersed in the thallus, opening by a pore a t the apex.
Spermogones with short straight spermatia.
Three genera of the Order occur in the British Isles, well differentiated
by the form of thallus or spores. Endocarpon is further
distinguished by the presence of green algal cells (gonidia) in the
hymenium as well as in the thallus ; they are produced in loose
filaments or masses alongside of the asci and paraphyses, and are
ejected from the perithecium with the mature spores.
Gonidia not presen I in hymenium.
Spores simple ........................... 101. Dermatocarpon.
Spores septate........................... 102. Normandina.
Spores muriform........................ 103. Dacampia.
Gonidia present in hymenium.
Spores muriform....................... 104. Endocarpon.
101. DERMATOCARPON Eschw. Syst. Lich. p. 21 (1824)
emend. ; Th. F r. Lich. Arct. p. 252 (1860). (PI. 37.)
Thallus leafy or squamulose, corticated on both surfaces or
only on the upper surface., sometimes with rhizinæ. Algal cells
Pleurococcus. Perithecia simple, immersed in the thallus, globose
or ovate, with a projecting ostiole ; paraphyses usually mucilaginous
and cohering, or sparingly developed and branched ; asci
8 -1 6-spored ; spores simple, colourless. Spermogones divided into
hollow chambers, opening by a slit.
1. D. miniatum Th. Pr. Lich. Arct. p. 253 (1860).—Thallus
spreading, ashy-grey or whitish, leafy, peltate, coriaceous, rather
large, rounded or somewhat crenate-lobate, smooth or minutely
grauular-pruinose, attached by a central point to the substratum,
the under surface tawny or brownish, smooth or wrinkled.
Perithecia minute, numerous, immersed, with a prominent brown
ostiole ; spores 8 in the ascus, oblong or ellipsoid, 0,010-16 mm.
long, 0,006-9 mm. thick.— Lichenoides coriaceum nehulosum
cinereum punctatum, subtus fulvum Dill. Hist. Muse. p. 223, t. 30,
f. 127b. (1741). Lichen miniatus L. Sp. PI. p. 1149 (1758);
Huds. Fl. Angl. p. 454 ; Lightf. Fl. Scot. ii. p. 857 ; Witli. Arr.
ed. 3, iv. p. 66 ; Engl. Bot. t. 593, two upper figs. Endocarpon
miniatum Ach. Meth. p. 127 (1803) ; S. P. Gray Nat. Arr.
i. p. 501 ; Hook. Fl. Soot. ii. p. 44 & in Sm. Engl. Fl. v. p. 156
pro parte ; Grev. Fl. Edin. p. 329 ; Tayl. in Mackay Fl. Hib. ii.
p. 98 pro p a rte ; Mudd Man. p. 265; Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 107
pro p a rte ; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 409; ed. 3, p. 441. E. miniatum
var. umbilicatum Hook, ex Leight. Angioc. Lich. p. 11, t. 1, f. 4
(1851).
Ex.sicc. Dicks. Hort. Sicc. n. 24 ; Bohl. n. 1 ; Leight. n. 26 ;
Mudd n. 255; Larb. Lich. Cæsar. n. 94; Oromb. n. 100; Johns,
n. 400.
Hab. On dry rocks in maritime or mountainous districts.—Distr.
Somewhat common throughout the British Isles.—B. M. L ’Etaoq,
Beaufort and Eozel Tower, Jersey ; Petit-Bot Bay, Guernsey ; Tintagel
and Pentire, St. Minver, Cornwall ; Torquay, Ilsham and near Cook-
ington, Devon ; Leigh AVood and Cheddar Cliffs, Somerset ; St. Vincent’s
Eocks, Gloucestershire ; Manorbeer Castle, Pembrokeshire ;
Harlech Castle, Merioneth; near Conway, Carnarvonshire; near
Beaumaris, Anglesea ; Puffin Island ; Miller’s Dale, Derbyshire ;
Trowgill, Clapham, Yorkshire ; Eokeby, Durham ; Egremont, Cumberland
; Falls of Clyde, Lanarkshire ; Craiglockhart, near Edinburgh ;
Bowling, Dumbartonshire ; near Dunkeld, Kenmore and Glen Lochay,
Perthshire ; I. of Lismore, Argyll ; Craig Guie, Braeniar, Aberdeenshire
; near Gleneorbot and Kylemore, Connemara, Galway.
Var. leptophyllum Dalla Torre & Sarnth. Fl. Tirol, p. 503
(1902).—-Thallus small, peltate, solitary or of several lobes,
greyish or dark-brown, the under surface dark-coloured.—Lichen
leptophyllus Ach. Lich. Suec. Prodr. p. 141 (1798) ; Engl. Bot.
t. 2012, f. 2. Endocarpon leptophyllum Ach. Meth. p. 127 (1803) ;