Leigliton, Smithii is marked by the more deeply-immersed apothecia
which branch at an obtuse angle, in this respect differing from
f. acuta in which the angle is acute. Usually the carbonaceous wall
is thinly developed at the base of the apothecium, but in some forms
it is thicker, and occasionally there is a gap, observable in section with
the microscope, causing the apothecium to appear semidiiuidiate.
Hab. On trees. —Bistr. In wooded regions, chiefly in S. England
and S. Ireland.—B. M. Guernsey ; Rozel, Jersey; Hustyn AA^'ood,
Bodmin, Cornwall; Carisbrooke, and near Shanklin, I. of AVight;
Totnes, Torquay, near Becky Falls, Ivy Bridge and Ullacombe, Devon ;
Southton Common, Somerset; Stoney Cross, near Bartley Lodge,
Brockenhurst, and near Lyndhurst, New Forest, Hants; Ardingly,
St. Leonard’s, Tunbridge AVells, Tilgate, Danny, Charlton, near
Brighton, and Buckhurst Park, Sussex; near Penshurst, Kent; Shiere,
Surrey ; Little AValtham, Pod’s AVood, Messing and Ejiping Forest,
Essex ; Craigforda, Shropshire ; near Malvern, AVorcestershire ; near
Dolgelly and Yns-faig, near Barmouth, Merioneth ; Castle Bernard
Park, Bandon, Eiverstown and Rostellan, Cork ; Killarney, Kerry.
Form obtusa A. L. Sm.—Apothecia rounded and obtuse a t
the ends, frequently furcate or sparingly branched, almost
superficial, the thalloidal margin almost disappearing.—Hymenodecton
dendriticum var. obtusa Leight. tom. cit. p. 388. Graphis
dendritica f. obtusa Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 368; ed. 3, p. 431.
A distinctive form owing to the rather crowded and short blunt
superficial lirellae. Leighton notes branching at an obtuse angle as
characteristic, but the branches form quite as frequently a right angle
with the main apothecium.
Hab. On trees.—DisZr. Eather rare, but coextensive with the
species.—B. M. Torquay and near Ilsington, Devon ; Kemble, AA^ilts ;
Castle Bernard, Cork; Cromaglown, Killarney, Kerry.
3. Ph. Lyellii A. Zahlbr. in Engler & P ra n tl Pflanzenf. i. I ’“',
p. 99 (1905).—Thallus thin, membranaceous, smooth, pale-olive
or ra th e r dark (K + yellowish). Apothecia brownish-black,
sessile, oblong or linear-oblong, straight or curved, simple or
sparingly branched ; proper margins thin, the thallus forming a
prominent white pulverulent border ; disc broad, plane, pruinose ;
hypothecium dark and carbonaceous ; paraphyses inspersed with
small granules, slightly swollen and dark a t the tips, somewhat
conglutinate ; spores elongate-linear, 5-7-septate, brownish,
becoming dark, 0,017-33 mm. long, 0,006-8 mm. thick.__
Opegrapha Lyellii Sm. Engl. Bot. t. 1876 (1808); Hook, in Sm.
Engl. Fl. V. p. 147. Graphis Lyellii Ach, Syn. pi. 85 (1814);
S. F. Gray Nat. Arr. i. p. 503 ; Mudd Man. p. 241 ; Cromb.
Lieh. Brit. p. 97; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 369 ; ed. 3, p. 432.
Chiographa Lyellii Leight. in Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, xiii
p. 388, t. 7, f. 24 (1854).
Lxsicc. Carroll Lich. Hib. n. 12; Cromb. n. 194.
Distinguished from the preceding species by the well-developed
carbonaceous base of the apothecia.
Hab. On trees.—Distr. Eare in the Channel Islands, S. England
and S. Ireland.—B. M. Guernsey ; AVithiel and near Liskeard,
Cornwall; Cury Park, near Lew Trenchard and Harpford, Devon ;
near Eingwood and near Lyndhurst, New Forest, H an ts; Castle
Bernard Park, Bandon, Castlemartyr, Brown’s Demesne, Eiverstown,
Carrigaline, and near Crosshaven, Cork.
93. GRAPHINA Muell.-Arg. in Flora Ixiii. p. 22 (1880).
Stenographa Mudd Man. p. 235. (PI. 30.)
Thallus crustaceous, thin, superficial or developed under the
bark. Algal cells Trentepohlia. Apothecia [lirellse) elongate,
immersed in the thallus or superficial, simple or branched ; disc
narrow and slit-like ; proper margins tumid, prominent, furrowed
or simple ; hypothecium colourless or dark-coloured ; asci clavate
or elongate, usually 8-spored ; spores rather large, colourless,
muriform.
Distinguished by the muriform colourless spores. As stated
already, the earlier Stenographa of Mudd, though practically a
synonym of Graphina, has been rejected in favour of the latter which
is founded on characters recognized as more truly of generic importance,
and which occupies a definite position in Mueller’s scheme.
Pheeographina Muell. Arg. with brown muriform spores is not
represented in Great Britain.
1. Gr. anguina Muell.-Arg. in Flora Ixv. p. 385 (1882).—
Thallus effuse or determinate, whitish or pale-yellowish, thin,
membranaceous or thickish, tartareous, minutely warted and
wrinkled. Apothecia generally crowded, variable in size and
direction, simple or branched, straight or curved ; disc slit-like,
narrow, sometimes slightly dilated and tapering towards the
ends ; proper margins narrow or tumid, elevated, simple, closely
surrounded and often surmounted by the thallus ; hypothecium
colourless or pale-brownish, the apothecial wall developed a t the
sides (dimidiate) ; paraphyses slender, somewhat conglutinate ;
epithecium dark-brown ; spores large, colourless, muriform,
0,030-75 mm. long, 0,015-20 mm. thick.— Ustalia anguina klont.
in Ann. Sci. Nat. sér. 2, xviii. p. 278 (1842). Graphis scripta
Leight. in Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, xiii. p. 264, t. 6, f. 17 (1854)
(non Ach.). G. anguina Nyl, in Act. Soc. Linn. Bord. sér. 3, i.
p. 395 (1856). G. sophistica Nyl. ex Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 96
(1870) (non Nyl. in Act. Soc. Sci. Penn. vii. p. 465 (1863));
Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 370; ed. 3, p. 434 (incl. f. diffusa). Stenographa
anguina Mudd Man. p. 235 (1861) (incl. vars. diffusa
and divaricata).
Exsicc. Bohl. n. 28 (as Opegrapha scripta); Mudd n. 216 (as
Stenographa anguina var. divaricata).
The thallus varies from being thin and yellowish to a somewhat
thickish, light-coloured, finely-warted membrane. The apothecia
are emergent, more or less prominent and dark-ooloured, the disc
being narrow and rarely slightly pruinose. The name sophistica