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the pericbætial leaves, Avliilst tlie true pedicel or seta remains wholly included in the vaginula. The calyptra hence
continues attached to the vaginula for a much longer period than in other genera, and its rupture is occasioned by
the distension of the theca ; and not by an elongation of the seta. If a very ymmg capsule be longitudinally divided,
the seminal sac Avill be seen lining its interior, and also extending over the surface of the columella, the apex of the
latter being attached to the summit of the opercidum. The sporules, in a very caily stage, are aggregated in foms,
and long before the bursting of the caU'ptra attain a deep brown colour.
The inflorescence is usually, and perhaps invariably, monoecious, the male fructification being on separate branches ;
though A. mutabilk (nobis) appears really dioecious. Both kinds of fioivers are, at first, truly terminal, though, ounng
to the rapid growth of innovations, especially on the male siu'culi, they soon become, to all appearance, lateral and
even axillary. The male flowers, fi-om their small size, are, in general, concealed by the cauline leaves. The anthe-
i-idia varj' in number, from one or tAVO to seven, intei-mixed Avith paraphyses, Avhich, howcAoer, have not been seen in
A. niutabilk (nobis), and Avhich that species probably Avants. In the female flower the archegonia are generally four,
never more, and ai*e not accompanied Avith any paraphyses.
1. A n d reæ a Qiitida, Hook. fil. et W ils .; caulibus suberectis laxe cæspitosis parce ramosis, foliis
erecto-patentibus ovato-oblongis obtuse apiculatis concavis enerviis nitidis marginibus reflexis, pericliætia-
libus paulo longioribus erectis. (Tab. LA'II. fig. I I I .)
H a b . Lord Auckl-and’s g ro u p ; on rocks near tlie tops of th e liiUs, at an altitude of 1 2 0 0 feet;
very rare.
Caules semi-unciales et ultra, crassiusculi, sub unc. lati, hic iilic cüa-ísí. Folia suberecta, conferta, imbricata,
subliugulata, obtusa, siunmo apice apiculata, dorso convexa, subcaiinata, margine superne apiceque subreflexa, puniceo-
atra, luce obversa rufo-brunnea, siccitate erecta, vix crispata ; periciicetmlia subsimilia, sed longiora, tenera, marginibus
planis, areolis minimis subrotundatis. Infiorescentia terminalis, dioica? Flores vtasculi gemmiformes, ovati, acuti,
denique laterales, foliis caulinis (hmidio breviores, foliis valde conca\-is ovato-rotundatis acutis occlusi ; antheridia
6 aut plura, paraphysibus paucis filiformibus immixta. Flores foeminei : Archegonia quatuor, paraphysibus nullis.
Pedicellus (seu pseudopodium) ^ imc. longus, perichætii dimidio longior, v. rarius eo inclusus, apice (ad vaginidam
propriam) incrassatus. Tkeca sessilis, parva, elliptica, nigro-fusca, 4-valAÙs, siccitate dilatata, i Un. longa.
A higlüy remarkable species, and quite unlike any hitherto described.
P late LYII. Fig. II I .—1, a tuft, of the natural size ; 3, branch and theca ; 3 and 4, leaves ; 5, a moist theca ;
6, an archegonium :—'magnified.
2. A n d e eæ a acutifolia, Hook. fil. e tW il s .; caulibus fastigiatim ramosis, ramis apice ramulosis,
foUis erecto-patentibus incurvis rigidis lauceolato-subulatis acutis v. ovatis longe acnminatis concaviuscnlis
enennis basi inæqualibus siccitate erectis, perichætialibus elongatis lanceolatis convolutis, theca subesserta.
H ab; CampbeU’s Island ; on rocks, barren.
Caules erecti, conferti, ramosissimi, | unc. longi et idtra, siccitate rigidi. Folia undique inserta, patentia, deinde
incurva, ovata, acuminata, basi gibbosa, enervia, infra medium denticidata, siccitate subappressa, opaca, rufo-brunnea,
júniora flavo-A-iridia v. rnfescentia, areoUs peUucido-punctatis momliformibus ; perichoetialia submajora, lanceolata,
erecta. Flores masculi gemmiformes, foUis ovatis concavis inclusi. Antheridia 4 -7 , paraphysibus fiUfoimibus ^
breAiora. Pedicellus perichætium aIx superans. Theca pann, nigra, paulo exserta. Sporæ majusculæ, femigmeæ.
This species may be distinguished from A. alpina by its narrower and much more acuminated leaves, Avhich are
of a paler hue, never riiining, gibbous at the base ; those of the perichætium do not differ materially from the caldine
ones. The specific character and description are di-awn up in part from Hernute Island (Cape Horn) specimens ;
those now before us, from CampbeU’s Island, ai-e smaUer, less branched and various in colom*, sometimes forming
smaU dense tufts, hai-dly \ inch in height, but not difl’ereiit in other respects.
3. A n d reæ a mutabilis, Hook. fil. et Wils.; cauUbus cæspitosis elongatis ramosis graciUimis, foliis
confertis laxisve erecto-patentibus rarius falcato-secundis lanceolatis ovato-lanceolatisve subconcavis en em is
siccitate appressis.
Var. /3, 'microphjlla; foUis mimmis ovato-lanceolatis. (Tab. L Y II. fig. II.)
H ab. Lord Auckland’s group ; on rocks, at au elevation of 1200 feet; rare, (with female fructification).
CampbeU’s Is lan d ; on the liiUs, in rocky places, from 8 0 0 -1 0 0 0 feet of elevation, udth male
infiorescence only.
Muscus polymoiqilms, cæspitosus. Caules seini- ad bi-unciales, inferne nudi, superne ramosi. Folia basi macula
flava notata, dorso vix papiUosa, areoHs granuloso-punctatis. Infiorescentia dioica ; folia perigonii ovato-rotundata,
acuta, concava. Antheridia 3 v. plm-a, eUiptica, majora longiusque pediceUata quam in affinibus. Paraphyses nuUæ.
Folia perichætialia caidinis longiora, eUiptico-lanceolata, convoluta.
This species, of wliich Ave have no e.xamples in good fruit, differs fi-om A. rupestris in the more erect and
narrower leaves. The specific character has been drawn up from an examination of Falkland Island specimens, as
weU as of those fi-om the Islands now under consideration. The other varieties are enumerated in the London
Journal of Botany (vol. 3. p. 536.).
P late LYII. Fig. II.—1, a tuft of the natm-al size ; 3, a branch ; 3 and 4, leaves :—magnified.
4. A n d reæ a suhdata, Plarvey; caule snbramoso, foliis falcato-secundis subulatis attenuatis basi dila-
tatis crassinerviis, perichætialibus couvolutis. A. subulata, Harvey in Hook. Ic. Pla n t. a'oI. iii. t. 201.
Var. y, perichatialis ; theca foliis perichætiaUbus minoribus immersa. (Tab. LY’I I . fig. I.)
H ab. Lord Auckland’s group and CampbeU’s Is lan d ; upon rocks, a t a considerable elevation o'u
the hUls.
The cauhne leaves of this variety are longer and more strict than in the other states of the plant enumerated in
the ‘ London Joimi. of Botany’ (1. c.), and the theca and perichætium vei-y inconspicuous ; we cannot hoAvever venture
to separate it as a species. I t ihffers fi-om A.Rothii, its nearest aUy, in the leaves being longer and the nerve thicker,
the latter occnpjnng the Avhole breadth of the leaf, except at the base, so as to have been overlooked, and the leaves
consequently described as nerA'cless.
P late LYII. Fig. I.—1, specimens of the natural size; 3, a branch ; 3 and 4, cauline leaves; 5, section of
ditto ; 6 and 7, perichætial leaves ; 8, a theca :—magnified.
2. SPHAGNUM, Hill.
Theca globosa, stomate undo examndato. Columella apice libera, abbrcviata. Calyptramtllio nipta, basi pcrsis-
tente. Vaginula apophysiformis, pediceUum breAÙssimum occultans, demum stipitata. Pei'ichætium latérale.
Bridel, supposing this genus to be destitute of a vaginula, constituted it a separate order ; in Avhich he ivns
followed by Bruch aud Schimper.
The female flower, at first sessile, in every respect like that of other pleiu'ocarpous mosses, occupies the place of
a ramidus, or is inserted in the axis of two or more branches. As the fructification advances, the receptacle elongates,
and the perichætial leaves, becoming separated from one another, it presents the appearance of a lateral branch. The
authcriiha arc fouud m the fertile plant at the clavate and often discoloured extremities of short dcflexed ramuli.