geiica ? rosefolia. Hook. Ic. Plant, t. 581 (Ligusticum aromaticum. Banks and Sol. Ic. in Mus. Brit.), is also in
some measure allied to these, though a plant of a very different h ab it; its calycine segments are decidedly unequal
in size, and one of the two mericarps is often abortive.
In the three known species of Anisotome, all the parts connected with the inflorescence are subject to much
irregular metamorphosis and monstrous development, the more important of which, as observed in the living
plants of A . latifolia and A. antipoda, are the following :— 1st, the segments of the partial involucra become
shrivelled, assuming the forms of peduncles, and bear at their apices stylopodia with distorted calycine segments,
or more perfect flowers with a reduced number of p a rts ; or, in one case, a solitary one-celled anther,
full of pollen, adnate on the face of the leaf, a little below its ap e x : 2nd, the peduncles themselves of the
outer flowers become foliaceous, or by dividing show a tendency to a further compound state of the umbel;
it also sometimes bears a single stamen at its apex, subtended by one large calycine segment: 3rd, the
calycine segments vary from 2-6 , but one or more are always so much larger than the others, as often to
resemble involucral leaves : 4th, the petals are wanting, or vary from 1 -6 ; sometimes two are combined into
o n e; at others they assume various shapes ; 5th, the stamens are equally variable in number ; the filament is
at times petaloid, or becomes forked and bears a second anther ; these are constantly perfect and full of pollen :
6th, the stylopodia are always 2 or more, often 3, generally of the plane depressed form common to the male
flowers ; but the flowers of the ray sometimes bear 2-4 of entirely a different form, and similar to those of the
fertile umbels; these are sometimes accompanied with stamens :—generally no numerical relation can be traced
betvi’een the parts of these irregularly developed flowers. Th a t such a relation however exists is demonstrable
in a very distorted example, where a flower was furnished with 6 calycine segments, 3 very large and the
others very small, 2 petals, 6 stamens, one of which bore two perfect anthers, and 2 stylopodia, in all 17 parts,
the normal number in the ordinary state of the plant. Perhaps the most complex example was exhibited in one
of the outer pedicels of a partial umbel, which was terminated by 4 stylopodia surrounded by a 5-toothed calyx,
the latter subtended on one side by 4 linear, foliaceous, very imperfectly developed organs, each of them furnished
a t its apex with an obscure depression filled with yellow powder. It here appears to me that the apparent
pedicel is the peduncle of a partial umbel bearing one sessile female flower, and th a t the three superadded
foliaceous organs represent the pedicels of male flowers, which are reduced to as many fove® containing pollen,
a most rudimentary state of the male flower. I did not observe whether the stylopodia were internal or external
in relation to the axis of the plant and the three supposed male pedicels ; probably however the latter, as it
is the flowers of the ray which generally bear female stylopodia.
Plate IX. & X. Fig. 1, flower; fig. 2, calyx with the petals removed ; fig. 3, a p e ta l; fig. 4, front, and 5,
back view of stamens ; figs. 6, 7, 8 and 9, portions of umbel and flowers distorted by monstrous development i—
all magnified.
XIII. A R A L IA C E ^ , Juss.
1. P a n a x simplex, F o r s t .; arborea, in e rmis, foliis elliptico-lanceolatis su b a cu tis obtusisve grosse
se rra tis lo n g e p etio la tis cum petiolo ai-ticulatis (ju n io rib u s trifoliolatis), umbellis floralibus subrace-
mosis fructiferis parce ramosis ra riu s simplicibus, umb e llu lis 6-10-floris. (T a b . X I I .)— P. simplex,
EorsL n . 3 9 9 . DeC. P r o ifr . vol. iv. p . 2 5 3 . A . Rich. Fl. Nov. Z e la n d .p .2 Q \ .t .Z \ . A . Cunn.
P ro d r . Fl. N o v. Z e l. in A n n . N a t. H is t, vol. ii. p . 2 1 3 .
H a b . L o rd A u ck lan d ’s g ro u p ; from th e sea to alt. 5 0 0 feet, ab u n d a n t.
A very scarce plant, and hitherto only found in the southern extremity of New Zealand and the Antarctic
I
i t ^ P
islands beyond it. As far as I am aware, it had been previously gathered by Forster alone. In this group it
attains a height of 30 feet, amongst other trees near the sea. Its trunks are sometimes 2-3 feet in diameter,
covered with a smooth brown bark ; the wood is white and close-grained. Branches much scarred, and clothed
with a pale bark, very brittle. The distinct joint at the apex of the petiole indicates the truly compound nature
of the leaves ; they are nowhere described as ternate ; a character which all young trees of this species exhibit.
The whole plant has a faint but rank smell, like that of Ivy, which the copious lurid green but shining coriaceous
leaves much resemble, both in hue and texture. The involucral leaves are very small and subulate.
Plate XII. Fig. 1, unexpanded flower; fig. 2, flower more expanded; fig .S , petal from the same ; fig. 4
^nd fig. 5, immature stamens; fig. 6, gertnen after the petals have fallen away ; fig. 7, immature f r u it; fig. 8,
vertical, a n d /jr. 9, horizontal section of the same ; fig. 10, ovule :— all magnified.
1. A r a l i . \ p o la ris, H om b r. e t J a c q .; p o lygama, h e rb á c e a , in e rmis, to ta setis mollibiis laxis
o b sita , foliis (maximis) longe p e tio la tis o rb ic u la ri-ren ifo rm ib u s b a s i p ro fu n d e co rd atis ma rg in ib u s
m u ltilo b atis lobis 3 -5 -d e n ta tis d en tlb u s su b a cu tis, umbe llis coijiosis compositis p a rtia lib u s rau ltira -
diatis globosis, involucris foliaceis, floribus d en sis, fru c tib u s depresso-sphsericis exsuccis sub ero sis atris
n itid is .—A. pola ris, Hombr. et Jacq. in Voy. au P o l S u d , B o t. P hane r. t. 2. sine descript.
H a b . L o rd A u ck la n d ’s g ro u p an d Cam p b ell’s Is lan d ; in th e woods an d on b an k s , g en e ra lly
n e a r th e sea, b u t often a tta in in g an a ltitu d e o f 6 0 0 -7 0 0 feet, covering la rg e tra c ts o f g ro u n d w ith its
b rig h t an d sh in in g g re en foliage.
Radix ; rhizoma cylindraceum, elongatum, 2-3-pedale, ad terr® superficiem procumbens, transversim s triatum
seu annulatum, solidum, ochraceum, subtus fibras copiosas breves emittens. Tota planta setis mollibus
patentibus simplicibus subcarnosis vestita. Caules herbacei, validi, 2-4-pedales, e coUo ipso valde ramosi,
s®pius prostrati vel adscendentes, teretes, striati, fistulosi, diametro 1-1 ^ unciam, pallide flavido-virides. Folia
pleraque ad furcaturas ramorum, inferiora majora longius petiolata, horizontaliter explanata, 1 - 1 | ped. lata,
crassa, carnosa, orbiculari-reniformia, flabellatim nervosa atque reticulatim venosa, utrinque, precipue subtus et
ob ñervos prominentes setosos rugosa, l®te viridia, nitida. Petioli erecti, semiteretes, bipedales et ultra, basi
membranaceo-vaginati ; vagine semi-amplexicaules, superne (ut in plantis gramineis) in ligulam maximam
membranaceam obovato-cuneatam expans® ; ligula superne truncata, bifida seu bipartita, laciniata, 2-3 unc.
lata, pulcherrime radiatim et reticulatim venosa. Umbelle terminales et axillares, composit®, maxim®, diametro
capitis fiumani, ter quaterque divis®. partíales números®, globos®, multiflor®, diametro 1-2 unc. In volucra
polyphylla : involucella oligophylla ; ultima raonophylla, gradatim minora, omnia lunge petiolata, radils
umbell® multoties longiora, folia caulina júniora simulantia, sed pluries minora, angustiora, s®pe cuneata, altius-
que lobata ; umbellulorum ultimorum s®pius ad squamas ciliato-fimbriatas redacta. Pedicelli florum breves,
clavati, L unc. longi, sulcis tot quot ovarii exarati, florum masculorum graciliore.s. Flores copiosissimi, polygami,
in capitulum globosum arete congesti, pallide fiavidi, cereacei, subtranslucentes. nitentes, disco i>iirpureo.
Calycis tubus cum ovario adnatus, 3-4-sulcatus, margine integerrimo. Pétala 5, ante expansionem late ovata,
obtusa, deltoideo-reniformia,subunguiculata, demum patentia, oblongo-obovata, carnosa, cellulosa, enervia, l - l ^
fin. longa. F l . M asc. Stamina 5 ; filamenia brevia subulata, paululum incurva ; anthere majuscul®, didym®,
purpure® : pollen elliptico-oblonguin, utrinque obtusum, sub lente lineis 1-2 longitudinalibus opacis notatum,
hyalinum, in cumulo stramineum. Stylopodia plana, depressa; styli nulli. F l . F ert. Stamina ut in fl. masc.,
aut nulla. Stylopodia 3-4, subreniformia, elevata, sursum plana, luride purpurea, granulata, cavitatem in axin
ovarii cingens. Styh 3-4, breves, subulatl, lineares, subacuti, recurvi. Ovarium carnosum, 3-4-sulcatum, late
turbinatum, 3-4-loculare, loculis circa axin cavum dispositis, 1-ovulatis; ovula ex apice loculi anguli interioris
péndula, pyriformia, anatropa, funículo brevissimo. Fructus subbaccatus, suberosua, atcrrimus, depresso-glo-
bosua, recena 3 rarius 4-Bulcatus, in caulibua emortuis fibrosis dealbatis anni pr®teriti persistens. disco vacuo
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