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16. BULGARIA, Fries.
Lycoperdon 1. B ü lg .u u a arenaria, Lèv., Ann. Se. N a t. Ser. 3. vol. v. p. 253. areníuium, Pers.
in Frege. Fog. p. 179. 1 .1. f. 2. Gaud. I. e.
H a e . Falkland Islan d s; “ très-commun en Mars et AvrU, au sommet des dunes de sable q u i bordent
le contour de la baie Française au Camp de FUranie.”
Tins species unfortunately was not found dui-ing the risit of tte Erebus and Terror. M. Léveillé has had an
opportunity of inspectmg an original specimen, and finds its slender asci to contain simple sporidia.
17. CYTTARIA, B e r i.
1. CÏTT.1EIA Hookeri, Berk.; parva, turbinato-obovata, obtuse papillata, pallide fusca, cupulis paucis.
(Tab. C LX II. Fig. I.) r u * P P
H ab . Hermite Island, Cape H o rn ; on living branches of tbe Deciduous Beech.
Receptacula commimia obovata, e disco oblongo corticali enata. f - l unc. alta, f - f uuc. crassa, basi attenuata,
apice obtuse papillæformi, palbde fusca, glabra; coutextu ut in aliis speciebus gelatinoso-camoso, e fibris auastomo-
sautibus ; cupubs paucis. primum materie gummosa repletis, demum vacuis ; ascis linearibus truncatis, paraphysibus
liueanbus quandoque furcatis immixtis. Sporidia ignota.
The genus Cyttaria is pecuhar to the Southern hemisphere, and unless Commerson’s habitat, to be mentioned
presently, should prove correct, to the more temperate latitudes. .Ul the speeies known at present grow on living
beech ; Cyttaria Berteroi on Faym obliqua, the Fuegian species on Fagus betuloides, that of Tasmama on Fagus C u n t
inghami, and Cyttaria Hookeri on Fagus Anfarctiea.'JMe species, ou which Cyttaria dhoiformis, Lev., grows, has not
been ascertained. It is probable that the genus occurs also in New Zealand, where there is a species of beech closely
albed to Fagm Cuminghanii. There exists, indeed, in Monsieiu B, Delessert’s Herbai-ium, a species pniportiug to
have been coUeeted in the Isle of Bourbon, by Commerson, bnt tbough the locabty* is very precisely indicated,
it 13 probable, both on account of the difference of cbmate and the absence of the genus Fagus in that island, that
tliere is some mistake about the specimen.
Ab the species seem to grow from a distmct disc, which doubtless, as in Poiisorm, produces a fresh crop every
season. The disc bursts through the eutiole, and is formed either entirely of the lower portion ot the bark, or of
that and the upper stratum of the wood, which are split longitudinaby or in the db-ection of the medubary rays, the
fissures being traversed by loose threads of mycebum. Sometimes, also, there arc traces of mycelium in portions of
bark where uo disc has been protruded. The structure of the bark is often much deranged, and sometimes qmte
disorgamzed. The base of the receptacles is attenuated, and penetrates generally to the dotted vessels. In Cyttaria
Gumii, whieh seems more truly cortical, there appears always to be a fascicle of such vessels in connexion with the
base penetrating through the cortical stratum. I do not find this to be the case in Cyttaria Hookeri. The structure
of the substance of the receptacles is so different in the plant when diy, from that in the same species when
• The label attached to the specimen is bteraby as foUows
“ E lvela Clathkus ; sessbis scutellæ instar concava, brunnea subterius murina Commerson. Vel acaubs
scutebiformis m concavitate fiisca subterius e murino cinerasoens. Comm. Entre la Rivière du Rampart et Langeviii
St. Vincendan, à Bourbon.
Envoie à M. Linné' sous le No. 1 (inconuu à M. Linné') An, 1779.” (Such appears to be the date, but
Commerson died at the Isle of France, in 1773, and the elder Linnæus in 1778.
FalMands, etc] FLO EA ANTAECTICA. 453
preserved in spii-its, as to be scarcely recognizable. I had, at first, on examining dried specimens of Cyttaria
Gunnii, fancied that I had made some mistake in the analysis given in my paper in the 19th volume of the Linnean
Transactions. The fact is, that when a very thin sbce of the dried plant is placed on the field of the microscope, the
gelatinous coat of the threads of which it is composed becomes visible ; whbe in the plant preserved in spirits, the
jelly seems to form one common mass in which the central tube alone is exhibited, and when the plexus of filaments
is drawn out with the point of a lancet, they appear far less curled than they do in situ. Perfect sporidia have not
at present been observed in any species,*
P e a t e CLXII. Fig. I,— 1, Cyttaria Hookeri, Berk., of the natmal size, on a living twig of Fagus Antarctica ;
2, vertical, and 3, transverse sections ot a single plant, ot the natmal size ; é, asci and paraphyses ; 6. curious
state of asci ; 6. part ot the tissue from the darker part ot a specimen preserved in alcohol ; 7, ditto from lighter
p,art artificiaby extended ; 8, portion of intercebular tissue of Cyttaria Guimii as seen in a dry specimen ; (the same
strnctm-0 is found in dry specimens of Cyttaria Hookeri, and in Cyttaria Darwinii, after it has been preserved iu
alcohol and dried for the lierbarium) ; 9, horizontal sbce from portion of bark nearest to the wood, in a part of a
twig not externaby attacked by Cyttaria, to show the mycelium penetrating the cebs ; 10, slice of fructifying disc,
showing two sorts ot tissue of the bark, interrupted by a cavity which is traversed by mycebum ; 11, slice of bark
infested with mycebum ; 12, sbce from the outer surface of the wood ; 13, section through a fr-uctifying disc, showing
fissures radiating from wood through the spongy portion of the bark, which is greatly increased in volume, and also
a cavity traversed by mycebum parabel to the cuticle. The lower portion of the fungus penetrates in this case to
the wood ; occasionally, however, it does not penetrate quite so far :—ab the above figmes, with the exception of
tlie first two, are more or less imgnijied.
IS . ASTERINA, Lèv.
Ì . A sterina ju e /fa/o í®, Berk.; effusa, tenuissima, peritlieciis pimctiformibus depressis atro-fuscis in
mycelio fusco a matrice solubili sparsis. (Tab. CLXIV. Fig. I.)
H ab. Cbonos Archipelago; on leaves of an Eugenia; C. Darwin, Esq.
.iVinpliigeiia, atro-fusca ; maculæ frregulares, varie effusæ pimctiformesque, e fibriUis radiantibus intertextis
ramis patentissimis formatæ, demum e matrice solubiles ; interstiths sæpe strato ceUuloso tenuissimo repletis.
I have not detected fructification ; but the species certainly belongs to the genus Asterina, which is very properly
separated from Dothidea by LéveiUé. The ceUs of which the peritlieciimi is composed are elongated, but very irregular,
and I find similar ceUs often fiUiug up the interstices left by the crossing of the radiating threads. Sometimes
the mycchum is very obscure and the species then assumes quite a difierent appearance, the fmc tif/n g ceUs predominating
and the patches presenting merely a broivn stain studded iifith daiker specks.
P l a t e CLXIV. Fig. I.—1, leaves of Eugenia, with Asierina pelliculosa. Berk., of the natural size ; 2, part of
perithecium seen from the under side ; 3, filaments of mycelimn highly magnifed.
2. Asterina á/te/te®, Berk.; minutissima, omnino punctiformis, mycelio obscuro, peritbeciis depressis
atro-fuscis margine membranaceo pellucido. (Tab. CLXIV. Fig. IV.)
* The Tasmanian species, of which I have seen dried specimens only, differs from Cyttaria Dartcinii in the
total absence of the granulations at the base of the receptacle. I t may be characterized,—
Cyttaria Gunnii, Berk. ; receptáculo subgloboso demum cavo, basi non primum distincte stipitiformi nec
scabra, cupulis parvis.
I I a b . Tasmama; ou Fagm Cunninghamii, li. C. Gunn, Esq.
The specimens arc hollow when dry. I cannot say whether such is also the case in Cyttaria Darmnii.
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