FLORA ANTARCTICA.
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structure of the flower and fruit they totally differ, the former being truly an Azorella, and having the ciliated
involucral leaves common to other species of that genus. The Az. daucoides, D’Urv. Fl. Ins. Mai. 1. c. p. 613,
is probably a true Caldasia, Lag.
P late XI. Fig. 1, flower; fig. 2, flower with the petals removed; fig. 3, p e ta l; fig. 4, ripe f r u it; fig. 5,
transverse section of the same; fig. 6, front, and fig. 7, back view of seed ; fig. 8, vertical section of the same
showing the embrj’O; fig. 9, embryo removed:—all more or less magnified.
2. A N IS O T O M E , Hook. fil.
Flores dioici (seu polygami). Calycis margo 5-lobus; lobis (in flore steril.) patentibus, (in flore fert.)
erectis, inaequalibus, persistentibus, 1-2 rarius 3 duplo longioribus lanceolatis, reliquis ovatis acutis. Pétala
obovata, acuta, v. acuminata, uniner\da, brevissime unguiculata, patentia (lacínula inflexa nulla). Masc. Sia-
mina »qualia. Ofan'uw nullum. 5íí/?íyjodía magna, depressa. Siy/i deficientes. Fcem. ovali-oblongus,
lobis calycinis erectis coronatus. Mericarpia subteretia, in®qualia, quinquejuga ; jugis alte carinatis alatis lateralibus
marginantibus; unico (seminífero) jugis lateralibus dorsalique majoribus, altero (abortivo) jugis lateralibus
dorsalique minoribus. Valleculce univittat®, vitt® crassiuscul®. Semen sulcatum, testa atro-fusca.—Herb®
subsucculentes, elate, altitudinis humane, in insulis Auckland et Campbell provejiientes. Caulis erectus, crassus,
fistulosas, siilcatus. Folia maxima, longissime petiolata, bi-tripinnatisecta; segmentis latis vel angustis, mucronato-
cuspidatis, marginatis. Petioli basi ventricoso-vaginantes. Umbell® ample, pluries composite ; vaginis maximis
vix foliiferis bracteatis. Umbellul® globose. Flores numerosissimi, rosei v. pallide purpurei. Involucra et in-
\o\MceW3. polyphylla, foliolis lanceolatis equalibus.
1. A n iso t o m e la tifo lia , Ho o k , f il.; foliis oblongis b ip in n a tise c tis, segmen tis obliquis ovato-
oblongis im b rica tis b asi d e c u rre n tib u s inaequabter 3 -5 -fid is lobis a cu tis mu c ro n a to -a rista tis p u n g e n tib
u s reticu la tim venosis venis depressis, sup erio rib u s confluentibus. (T a b .V I I I ., an d T a b . IX . & X . B.)
H a b . L o rd A u ck lan d ’s g ro u p an d Campbell’s I s l a n d ; in m o ist places from th e sea to th e to p s
of th e m o u n ta in s , ab u n d a n t.
This is certainly one of the noblest plants of the natural order to which it belongs, often attaining a
height of six feet, and bearing several umbels of rose-coloured or purplish flowers, each compound umbel as
large as the human head. The foliage is of a deep shining green, and the whole plant emits, when bruised, an
aromatic smell. The female flowers I have only seen in a specimen gathered by Mr. Lyall in Campbell’s Island.
They are of a peculiar structure, and show a striking affinity between this plant and the Aciphylla squarrosa,
Forst. (Hook. Icon. PI. voL vii. t. 607, 608), especially in the unequal mericaqis. Both the male and female flowers
vary in the size of the calyclne segments, which are however constantly unequal, one or more being much
the largest and longest. In the male the styles are reduced to mere points on the inner margin of the depressed
purple stylopodia; in the female the latter organs are conical, and terminate in long stout recurved styles, capitate
at the extremity: this structure is common to Aciphylla, according to Forster’s figure (Genera, t. 68). In
the description of the genus I have described what may be considered the normal form of the fruit, but it is liable
to much variation, and the five ridges are seldom fully developed in both mericarps. The five lobes of the calyx
always give origin to as many larger ridges, and these again vary in size according to the number of large
lobes: the most fully developed segment of the calyx, whether lateral or dorsal on the mericarp, always being
opposite to the larger ridge. Very generally there are three large lobes to the calyx (of the female flower), one
near the back of one mericarp, and two lateral on the o th e r; th a t with three has then five ridges, two large lateral,
one (also large dorsal), and two intermediate smaller : the mericarp with only one large lobe has only four ridges ;
two lateral (one of which is from the small lobe and largest of these two), the other very large, from the larger
tooth. These mericarps are about two lines long, of a fuscous yellow colour, are obscurely glandular, and the
ritt® extend through their whole length. The seed hangs loose in the cell, is small, and covered with a rather
thick blackish te sta; its sides have furrows corresponding to the vallecul®.
Plate VIII. A small flowering portion of the plant, with the limb of the leaf; Fig. 1, unexpanded male
flower; f i g .2, the same expanded; fig. 3, calyx and stylopodia:—the dissections magnified.
Plate IX. & X. B. Fig. 1, partial umbel of ripe fruit of natural size; fig. 2, a single fruit removed from
the umbel; fig. 3, transverse section of the same, showing the inequality of the mericarps, one of which is
empty with five ridges, the other fertile ■nith four ridges :—all the dissections magnified.
2. A n iso t o m e an tip o d a ; foliis lin eari-o b lo n g is trip in n a tis e c tis segm en tis te re tib u s d iv a ricatis
lin eari-su b u latis rigidis p u n g e n tib u s s tria tis in tu s p raesertira ad fu rc a tu ra s tra n sv e rs im a rticu la tis ,
ra ch ib u s su p e rn e c analiculatis. (T a b . IX . & X .)—L ig u stic um a n tip o d um , Hombr. et Jacq. Voy. au
P o l S u d , B o t. P hane r. ta b . 3. sine descript.
H a b . L o rd A u ck lan d ’s g ro u p and C am p b ell’s I s la n d ; in m o ist pla ces especially n e a r th e sea,
an d in th e fo rme r islan d s asc en d in g to th e m o u n ta in to p s in a m o re s tu n te d fo rm.
A scarcely less handsome plant than the former, with which it agrees entirely in habit, and more particularly
in the structure of the male flowers. The umbels are however less densely crowded, borne on longer peduncles,
and produce fewer partial umbels and flowers. I was unfortunate in not being able to detect female
flowers, nor have I seen any nearer approach to that state of the plant than the occasional presence, amongst
the flowers of the ray, of stylopodia and styles analogous to those of the female of the former species. The
fimit of this plant is represented in the ‘ Botany’ of the French Voyage of Discovery quoted above, but in it the
mericarps are figured as equal, and the vitt® are probably accidentally omitted; so very singular a character as
the former may have been overlooked in the dry state of the p la n t; the glands, which are very obscure in the
former species, are in this very large and aijparently confined to one side of each mericarp : a remarkable similarity,
however, exists in the furrowed seeds and in the stylopodia of the two species. The lamell® in the fistu-
lar portion of the stem are not represented, and the sketch of the entire plant bears but a slight resemblance
to the state in which we drew it.
In structure, the fructification of this genus is more closely allied to Aciphylla, Forst., than its general appearance
would lead one to suppose. The figure of that plant (in the leones P lant.) was taken from a specimen
in fruit, the only state in which we possessed it previous to the arrival of Mr. Stephenson’s N ew Zealand collection
(vide Lond. Journ. of Bot. for September 1844), which contains small portionsof apparently this plant (n. 81)
in flower. In it the partial umbels are few-flowered, with the peduncles divaricating; they are borne on axillary
branches, subtended by a sheathing, lanceolate, acuminated, pungent involucral le a f; towards the apex of the
stem these branches are more crowded, and the involucral leaves are lengthened and become bifid or even trifid.
The calycine segments are very small, broad, obtuse, and nearly equal in size. The petals (apparently pale yellow),
though more incurved than in Anisotome, are scarcely furnished with an “ inflexcd lacínula” ; the stamens, stylopodia
and .styles are very similar in the two genera. The female flowers are probably more densely aggregated
than the male, and in the inflorescence of the former the involucral leaves may rapidly assume the curious
form represented in the ‘ leones,’ or Mr. Stephenson’s specimens may belong to a different species, for certainly
their mode of inflorescence bears little resemblance to the dense cylindrical female spike of the A . squarrosa.
Both these genera will naturally rank near Ligusticum, from which they are however very distinct, and may be
considered as forming a small natural group. What I am inclined to consider as a third species of Anisotome
Is the Ligusticum anisatum, Banks and Sol. MSS. in Mus. B rit.; a plant discovered by Sir J . Banks and Dr.
Solander in Queen Charlotte’s Sound, and a fourth has been since gathered in Cook’s Straits by Dr. Dieffenbach.
and on the high mountain of Tongariro by Mr. Bidwill; both these gentlemen's -specimens are male. The An-
VOL. I.
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