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especially in the northern part where there may be seen entire woods of this
tree extending for miles. Species of Ficus, such as F. Beecheyuna, F. formosana,
nervosa, Wightiana, are very abundant in woody parts. Of deciduous
trees, Melia Azedarach is the commonest found in the lowlands. Laura-
ceous plants such as Cinnamomiim pedunculatiiin, Machiliis formosana, M.
I hambergii, Actiuodaphe pedicelLata, Litsea lancifoLia,diVt very common in the
lowland woods. Pinus Massoniana is found abundantly in the woods by the
sea. The pine is the only species to be found in the lowland. In marshy
places, there are many hriocuulon, Pycreus, J uncell us, C y perus, Mariscus,
Fleocharis and many other cyperaceous and gramineous plants, with Najas,
Potamogetón and Trupu nutans. In a lake near the mountainous districts,
there is quite recently found Brasenia purpurea. Bamboo-wood is very
numerous especially in the middle par t of the island where it extends for
miles, an example of these woods is shown in PI. 17. Kinds of Bamboo
to be met with in the lowland are generally as follows ; ««gH/a/«,
B. breviflora, B. Fauriei, B. Oldhami; the commonest species is Bambusa
stcnostachys. Dendrocalamus is also very numerous.
The vegetation shows still greater variety when we come nearer to
the mountain districts. There may be some mixture of the mountain vegetation
with the low-land. As is shown in PI. 18, there are seen luxuriant
growths of Turns, such as Asplénium Nidus, Nephrotepis acuta, DipLazium
esculentum and many others, with climbing plants such as Fpipremnum
mirabile, Pothos Seemanni, and many gramineous plants. Climbing plants are
here especially abundant. As is shown in PI. 19, there are seen Bauhinia,
Fntada scandens, Anodendron, Fcdysanthera, and Calamus.
3. Vegetation of the Mountain region. — The vegeta tion of this region
is extremely variable. The mountainous regions explored by the author are
almost limited to the middle and soutern parts of the island. The mountains
in the northern part have never been fully botanized owing to the
hostility of the savages living in these mountains. It may be well concluded,
however, that the mountain vegeta tion of the northern part is much
the same as that of the middle part. In this island, as is generally the case
with other countries, the mountain vegeta tion presents three distinct
features according to altitudes. In the lower parts af the mountains, the
ever-green broad leaved trees predominate , next Coniferous forests, then
shrubs, then grasses on the summit..
a) The evergreen broad leaved tree region. As is generally the case
the vegeta tion of the lower part of this region is a mixture of the plain,
and mountain, vegetation. In the woods of the lower region, there are found
many trees such as Clerodendron, Viburnum, Callicarpa and tree-ferns such
as Alsophila, Cyathea, Cibotium, intermixed with various Querci and laura-
ceous plants. In the valley-beds there are found many gramineous plants.
The trees commonly found in this part are as fol lows :
Idesia polycarpa Maxim.
Elaeocarpus decipiens Hemsl.
Evodia meliaefolia Benih.
Rhamnus arguta var. Nakaharai Hay.
Prunus campanulata Maxim.
Buxus sempervirens L.
Callicarpa spp.
Ficus spp.
Lauraceous plants.
Quercus (not many).
Viburnum (a few.).
Alsophila, Cyathea.
The vegeta tion of this region is shown PI. 20. Here such plants as
Alocasia macrorrhiza. Viburnum, Calllicarpa, Flceocarpus, Fvodia, several
kinds of Ficus and many climbing plants such as Kadzura japónica, Meio-
dorum Oldhami, Akebia, Fntada, Ipomoea, Hibiscus, Actinidia and Pothos
Seemanni; with shrubby plants as Prunus Kciwakamii, Spiraea prunifolia, and
many Caliicarpae.
The herbaceous plants which are commonly found in the lower part
of this region are as follows:
Mil
Thalictrum Fauriei Hay.
Boenninghausenia albiflora Reichb.f.
Eupatorium formosanum Hay.
Aster trinervius Roxb.
— scaber Thunb.
Pratia begonifolia Lindl.
Dischidia formosana Maxim.
Cynoglossum micranthum Dcsf.
Trigonotis formosana Hay.
Solanum lysimachioides Wall.
Bonnaya veronicaefolia Spreng.
Titanotrichum Oldhami Solerd.
Strobilanthes flaccidifolius Nees.
Urtica Thunbergiana Sieb, and Zucc.
Qirardinia heterophylla Decne.
Pilea Wattersi Hance.
Procris laevigata Bl.
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