Number of the kinds.
Name of Order.
înown
in
1840.
Classified
in
18521
Classf I
fiedsincel
1840. !
2 3 1
7 8 2
14 25 8
K m 5
16 32 11
11 10 2
7 . 10 1 .
2 7
2 2
8 9 1
2 10 3
6 7 2
1 3 1
6 11 2
1 3 1
15 26 7
1 1
2 2
8 14
¡' h v ivi:
H H 5 3
2 3
1 2 1
1
4 6
1
128 210 53
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
Simia ....... «.......... .................
Hylobates ....... | ....... ....... ... ................................ Semnopitheeus ................ ...............................
Cfolobus...................................................................I
Cercopithecus.......................... ........... .................... ........ .
Inuus ............................................................
Cynocephalus........... ...............................................
Mycetes. ............. ...1............... ...............
Lagothrix.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ateles ............................................ I.................................. Cebus.... ......¿ .....N. . . . .......................... :
P i t h e c i a . . ................... ........ ......... .......... Nyctipithecus............. .....
Callithrix ....... ........ .. . ................................................ .
Chrysothrix ........ .;.y..
Hapale.................................. ........................ ...... .................. .
Lichanotus ...... ................... .................... .
Habrocebus ..... .........................................
Lemur...................................................................... ......... Galeocebus............. ...
Chirogaleus ..... ..........................
Stenops...................................... ................ ........
Microcebus ..... ............ .....................................
Pero di c ticus ........... ....... ............................. .......
Otolicnus >...... • . . . . . ........ I
Tarsius ........... •?•••* ..... •••.........
Sum.
Hence, then, including additions since 1852, we possess already
more than 216 distinct animals of the monkey-tribe. These are
thus classified,—after a lament regarding the difficulties oi systems
— by Gervais:—616
“ This first tribe of the Mammifers will be partitioned, as follows, into five secondary
groups:—
1st. — The ANTHROPOMORPHS [A nthropomorpha), comprising the genera T r o g l o d y t e ,
G o r i l l a , Q r a n g , and G i b b o n .
2d. — The SEMNOPITHECI[Semnopithedans), divide themselves into N a s io , S e m n o p i -
t h e c i properly so called, P r e s b y t e , and C o l o b u s .
3d. — The GUENONS ( Cercopithedans), or the genera M io p i t h e c u s , and C e r c o p i t h e c u s .
4th. — The MACACS [Macadam), who partition themselves into M a g o t , M a n g a b e y ,
M a im o n , and M a c a c .
5th.-^CYNOCEPHALI [Cynocephalians), or the C y n o p i t h e c i , M a n d r i l l s , P a p io n s , and
T h e r o p i t h e c i .
Of these five groups, the third alone is exclusively African: the four others, on the contrary,
have each particular genera in America and India.”
The reader’s eye, following the black line of circumvallation on
our I Chart,” will perceive that, except at Gibraltar (whither De
Blainville617 considers the magot to be an importation), there are no
<*6 Trois Règnes de la Nature, Mammifères, Impartie, Paris, 4to., 1854, p. 12.
617 Ostéographie, p. 21. But s e e G e r v a i s , pp. 95-9.
monkeys in Agassiz’s Européan realm,—none in the Polynesian, nor
any in the Australian. In the American, the Professor told me that
no si mi os are to be found northward of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec.
Profi Spencer E. Baird, however, obligingly pointed out to me two
passages which seem to leave the exact degree of’ latitude an open
question.618
But the strangest puzzle of all is, how to explain the sharp line of
demarcation beheld between island and island, in the Malayan
realm; which a great naturalist has forcibly embodied in the following
language:—619
it
g The [East-Indian] Archipelago forms, as it were, a world apart, as much by its geographical
position, as by its relation to ethnography and natural history. Situate betwixt
the Indian continent and Australia, the natural productions of this maritime world resemble,
for the greater part, those of the limitrophio lands ; and it is there only where the transition
pronounces itself the most distinctly, where one observes a small number of peculiar beings.
This line of transition is marked by the islands of Celebes, Flores, Timor, and Boeroe. It
finds itself, consequently, between the 135th and 145th of east longitude of the meridian of
Ferro. At the Moluccas, all nature already wears an Anstralasiatic (Papou) character ;
because, beyond some chiroptera which stretch as far as New Guinea, and the genus of
hogs, all the mammifera originating in that country belong to the order of the marsupials
[every other animal having been imported]. * * * * In general, the botanical and zoological
character of Australia commences at Celebes and at Timor ; so that these two islands
may be considered as the limits of two Faunas altogether distinct. * * * * The Indian
Archipelago divides itself, therefore, in the direction of west to east, as concerns geography
and natural history, into two parts of unequal extension. The occidental part, which is
the largest, contains the islands of Borneo, Sumbawa, Java, Sumatra, and the peninsula of
Malacca; whereas the oriental portion contains but the islands of an inferior order,—those
of Celebes, Flores, Timor, Gilolo, and, to take the widest range, perhaps even to Mindanao.”
M üller then goes on to explain how those larger portions that are
nearest to the Hindostanie continent resemble, in their Faunae, the
southern parts of India,—-just as Maury {supra, Chapter I.) has shown
it to be the case with mankind. He counts about 175 mammifers
throughout the entire archipelago, Malacca and New Guinea inclusive
; of which scarcely thirty belong exclusively to the eastern side,
where, chiroptera inclusive, there are but fifty species in all.
In this singular arrangement of nature within so small an area
and amid islands so very proximate, the Orangs, the Gibbons, indeed
all true Simiae, appertain solely to the western side ; and are totally
618 “ The Monkeys which enter into the southern provinces of Mexico belong to the genera
mycetes and hapale” (R ichardson, “ Report on N. Amer. Zool.”—jBrit. Assoc, adv. Science,
V. 1837, p. 138) : and “ apes in the southern provinces of Mexico” (Wagner, bayerischen
Akadémie, München, 1846. p. 51.)
619 Salomon Müller, “ Cosmographie, Zoologie comparée,”—Siebold's Moniteur des Indes-
Orientales et Occidentaleç, Batavia, 4to., 1846-7, pp. 129-36. M. Müller, as member of the
Commission of Physical Researches, spent in the Indian Archipelago “ onze années des plus
belles de ma vie.” •