where, when I saw it, the relic was in the possession of Mr. George
Folsom, at Boston.
From this archaeological digression, let us return to Barbaresque
ethnography.
In the words of E b n K h a l e d o o n , M. Carette observes — “ That
which is beyond doubt is, that, many centuries before Islamism, the
Berbers were known in thei countries they inhabit; and that they
have always formed, with their numerous ramifications, a nation
entirely distinct from every other.” Adopting for himself the only
natural theory, that the Berbers were created for Berberia, Carette
continues:—“ Thus, it is an Arab writer, and the most judicious of
the whole of them, that has himself done justice to all the tattle
invented by his co-religionists,402 and who reduces all the system of
Berber genealogy to two facts, viz.: the biblical datum, which his
quality of Mussulman obliged him to admit; and the local tradition
that he had been able to collect himself.” The following tables
specify the state of Berber actualities.
T o n g u e s a n d D i a l e c t s .
«The KabXil lie at the north,”.» KebaUeia, ..
“ The S h i l l o u h s and the B e r b e r s
stand at theAouth—the first-
named west, the latter east.”
r Shillouhs, Shilheèya, 1 Í
(Berbers, f Lar'oua, f ..........1
“ The C h aw e èy a are a t the cen- )
tre.” i
[ Zenâtèèa, I
Shawecya,.
Shillouhs,
Berbers,
f Inhabit “ the northern region of
1 the Barbaresque continent.”
Inhabit “ the southern portion
of the empire of Morocco.”
Inhabit the south part of Algeria,
Tunis, Tripoli, and Saharan
deserts.
Inhabit the ocean coast in Central
Morocco, the northerly
section of the Atlas chain,
and, in Algeria, the zones of
“ landes” and the mountainous
interior.
Populations.
Morocco ~J Berber origin. Total.
Algeria I 800 000 7 500,000 12,300,000.
Tunis ■
Tripoli
In 3 centuries the true Arab population has scarcely changed.
P o pu l a t io n .
XYIth century .......... <«..., •••••—• — 4>650,000
XTXth « ........i......... .......... 4^800,000
To render more perspicuous these ethnic subdivisions of a group
of races hitherto very imperfectly discussed by Anglo-Saxon ethnologists,
I append, from another good authority, long resident professionally
in military Algerian service,403 a curious specification of their
several characteristics.
402 Types of Mankind, p. 512.
403 Berth era nd, Medicine et Hygiène des Arabes, Paris, 1855, p. 173. The same observer
adds, when describing hair in the physical characteristics of these three types (p. 181) :
“ Les Arabes sont généralment bruns, les Saharaouis blonds ou mieux châtain-clair, les
Kabyles châtain : quelques-unes de leurs tribus comptent des familles entièrement blondes.”
Equally good specifications are in P ascal Dupbat (op. cit.) passim.
BERTHERAND’S d iv is io n op th e pk esen t native inh abitants op ALGERIA.
T h e Arab,
(Originally Asiatic,)
Inhabits the “ Tell,” hillocks, and
marshy plains.
Lives on cereals, melons, couscous
(flour-pellets), and little meat.
T h e “ K a b y l e , ”
(Correctly, Berber,)
Inhabits the mountains (Atlas).
T*bz “ S a h a rA w t , ”
(Man of the Sahara,)
Inhabits the Oases, and
sandy lands of the south.
Eats many oily cakes, and fruits. Bates and milk.
Tends to numerous markets; pos- Owns no fondooqi; comes above
sesses fmdoSqs (farms); cultivates all to the Arab’s marts, having few
cereals himself; works at mining;
makes honey; traffics in fruits.
the cereals; has varied merchandize,
— coffee, sugar, soap, &c.
Robbery abundant.
Occupies a country little wooded.
Filthy; often in need of water.
Has horses, herds of cattle, cows;
flocks of sheep and goats.
Dwells in tents.
Bilioso-iymphatic; large-bellied
women.
Agriculturist; laboring on the
land winter and summer.
Intelligence—very ordinary.
Crimes abundant.
Country full of forests.
Has always water.
Possesses chiefly mules.
Resides in goorbi (mud hovels);
hands ever in splash.
Bilioso-sanguineous; women tall
and well made.
Arboriculturist;
the fruit-harvest.
Always in motion about the
“ T ell ;” has no fondooqs ; sells his
dates; is generally poor.
Above all, a plunderer.
Has no wood except in the Oases.
Tolerably dirty; often in want
of water, even for legal (Muslim)
ablutions.
Owns camels and horses.
Lives in camel-hair tabernacles;
earth-houses in the Oases.
Bilioso-nervous ; pretty women.
works during Horticulturist; gathers dates;
passes life in caravans.
Intelligence—applied to arts and
industry.
Great facility of conception—very
lively imagination.
“ It is to be remarked, that tbe KooloogÛes4W [now fast running
out], product of unions between indigenous females and tbe Turks
[no longer encroaching colonists in Algeria since the Gallic occupation],
are the strongest, the most intelligent [naturally so, because,
under the name “ Turk” is included what little now remains there
of European captives, Circassian memlooks, &e.] : an important
question as regards the fusion,---on which certainly depends the
implantation of the French nation in Algeria.”
Inasmuch, however, as my purpose is merely to direct ethnological
attention towards analysis of the several primitive stocks, out of
which the present Algerian population is compounded, I need now
only interpose a “ caveat” in respect to the opinions of Dr. Bertherand,
and before him of Dr. Bodichon,405 as to the ulterior benefits,
by both of these skilful authors supposed likely to become the
404 In their Frenchified cognomen, philologists will be inclined to recognize the Osmanlee-
Turkish radical “ oGLu,” that is to say “ son,” — as in the Làz-oglns of Nubia. P ascal
Dtorat (Afrique Septentrionale, 1845, pp. 238-9), while showing that it is as often pronounced
Gourogli as Goulogli, derives it from the Turkish kooleh-oglu, “ son of a slave:” to
Which may be added from R ozet (Régence d'Alger, 1833, II, pp. 272-92), that these Kool-
ooglees, nevertheless, are not half-breeds between Turks and Christian white female captives,
“ but children born from native Mauresque women married to Turks.”
405 Types of Mankind, pp. 106-7, 110, 374.