“ I really think Europidians is the least objectionable, although I own it would induce
people, at first glance, to suppose that it includes the descendants of .Europeans only,
whereas the name ought to include Europeans and all their descendants. F. L.”
Such are the difficulties. I do not propose to resolve them : but would inquire of fellow-
ethnologists — inasmuch as we now know that, in primordial Europe, there once existed
(prior to the tripartite Celtic, Indo-German, and Shlavic, immigrations), men whose silex-
instruments lie entombed in French diluvia! drift, men whose humatile Vestiges are found
in ossuaries and bone-caverns, men who in Anglia and in Scandinavia preceded the Kelt ;
just as there are still living, in modern Europe, their Basque and Albanian, amid other,
successors—whether it might not be convenient to adopt Prof; Lieber’s term “ Europidians ”
(or, Europidce), by way of distinguishing such primary human stratifications from the
secondary, now comprised in the current word “ Europeans” ?
REFERENCES AND EXPLANATI ONS.
No. 13. —FINN.
[“ Jannes Holm,” Norway L a p l a n d e r H a m il t o n S m it h , op. cit., Pl. XXX., p. 463; "The diminutive
Laplander of Norway, similarly marked with Finnic interunian compare pp. 318-20.J .
“ ‘Dan a n d Angul, says the venerable historian Saxo-Grammaticus, were
brothers:’”—that is to say, the Danes and the English descend from one ancestry.
Angelm, whence the Angles came to Anglia, lies in Denmark proper ;
» and the Jutes, Jutlanders, came over to England with the Saxons.” (E llesmere
* op. cit. (supra, note 532) p. 1 :—Also, for “ Norman names,” consult Mémoires
de la Soc. R. des Antiquaries du Nord, - Copenhagen, 8vo., 1852,) . [See
p. 434, ante.']
“ With regard to externals,” says the translator of Georgi (Russia, or a complete
Historical account of all the Nations which compose that empire, London, 8vo.,
1780, i. p. 37, 45), “ the Finns differ nothing from the Laplanders” — being
flat against the observations of Capell Brooks! But the ' separation of• the
Finns from the Laplanders is supposed to have taken place in the 13th century,
after the forcible conversion of the former to Christianity, However,
the very best work on all the Russian peoples is Count Cha rles de R ech-
b e r g ’ s (LesPeuples de la Russie, &c.—with 94 figures, Paris, 2 vols.' fol., without
date, but during the reign of Nicholas). He says (i. p. 6), “ How many
nations, how many religions, how many tongues, what varied customs in this
immense State! ? Let its diverse habitants be compared, and what distances
between their forms, their manner of living, their costumes, their tongues, their
opinions ! What a difference, for instance, betwixt the Livonian and the Kal-
mouk, betwixt the Russ and the Samoiede, betwixt the Finn and the Caucasian,
betwixt the Aleutian and the Cossack! What divers degrees of civilization,
from the Samoiede, who merely, so to say, vegetates in his smoky hut, to the
affluent inhabitant of St. Petersburg or of Moscow, who expresses himself in the
language of Voltaire almost equally to a Parisian!’’ He enumerates 99 races,
grouped into five types. It must be from this work’s suggestions that Prince
Demidoff created that beautiful series’ of colored casts of Russian races now
in the Galerie Anthropologique.
No. 14. — ICELANDER.
[“ Pétur Olaffsen. Pécheur de Rékiavik:—G a im a r d , Voy. en Islande et en QrSerilande, Corvette
“ Recherche” (1835-6), Paris, 1840; fol. Atlas hist., I.]
Colored by descriptions. Vide supra, Chap. V., pp. 584-5.
No. 15. — BARON CUVIER.
[ P r o m l i t h o g r a p h o f h i s p o r t r a i t b y M a u r in .]
“ Geokge Cdviee, the first of all descriptive anatomists, and the scientific
-man who first; after Aristotle, applied the art of anatomy to general science,
was born on the 23d of August, 1769, at Montbeliard, a small and originally
a German town, but long since incorporated within the French territories. He
was a native of Wirtpmberg, a German in fact, and not a Frenchman in any sense
of the term, saving a political one. The family came originally from a village
of the Jura, bearing the same name, of Swiss origin therefore, and a native
of the country which gave birth to Agassiz. In personal appearance he
much resembled a Dane, or North German, to which race he really belonged.
Cuvier then was a German, a man of the German race, an adopted son of France,
but not a Celtic man [nor a Kelt], not a Frenchman. In character he was in
fact the antithesis of their race, and how he assorted and consorted with them
it is difficult to say. Calm, systematic, a lover of the most perfect order,
methodical beyond all men I have ever seen, collective and accumulative in a scientific
point of view, his destinies called him to:play a grand part in the midst
of a non-accumulative race, a race with whom order is the exception, disorder
the rule. But his' place, was. in the Academy, into which neither demagogues;
nor priests can enter. Around him sat La Place, Arago, Gay-Lussac,
Humboldt, Ampère, Lamarck, Geoffroy. This was his security, thpse his coadjutors,
this the audience which Cuvier, the Saxon, and therefore the Protestant
habitually addressed. It was whilst conversing with him one day in his library,
which opened into the Museum of Comparative Anatomy, a museum which he
formed, that the full value of his position forced itself upon me. This was I
think, during the winter of 1821 or ’22. A memoir had been discussed a day
■ or. two before, at the Academy : I remarked to him that the views advocated in
. that memoir could not fail to be adopted.by-all unprejudiced men {hommes sans
préjugés) in France. ‘ And how many men sans préjugés may there be in
France ?’ was bis reply.
“ ‘ There must,’ I said, ‘be many, there must be thousands.’
‘.“ Reduce the number to forty, and you will be nearer the truth,’ was the
remarkable observation of my illustrious friend.
I mused and thought.”^ (R . Knox, M. D., F. R. S. E., Great Artists and Great
Anatomists, London, 12mo. 1862, pp. 18-19.
No. 16.—BULGARIAN.
[“ Famille Bulgare:”—Qaimakd (Commission Scientiflç[ue du Nord), Tag. au Spitiburg, Lavmit,
&c., (1838-40) ; Atlas Pittor., 66“®. liv.]
See excellent “ Portraits-types Turcs et Grecs de la Roumélie,” with others
of Circassians, Kurds, &c., in Hommaike de Held ( Voyage en Turquie et en
Terse, Paris, 1854, Atlas fol., Pis. viii., liii., xlviii. : and, for everything else
here needful, D’Ohsso.n Tableau général de VEmpire Ottoman, Paris, fol 1790-
1820; II, pp. 136-7; Plates 63-74,)
No. 17.—GREEK.
[“ Palicar [guerilla], îles de l’Archipel. Grec ■.—Galerie Royale de Costumes, Autert & Ci» Paris
fol, PL 8J
On this face, M. Pulszky comments, in a private letter to me, that this man
is a Sclavonian. I agree with him ; but such is the normal type of Moreots at
the present day.
No. 18.—CAUCASIAN.
[“ Prince Kasbek (O s s 6 t i 6 ) G a g a r in e , Costumes du Caucase, Paris, fol. 1852.]
I mean, as the highest type of the “ Men of Mt. Caucasus” (supra. Chap. V
note 460), I have no space to enlarge upon this mountain’s multiform inha-
bitants.