each, of the many distinct groups composing the human family, hut
was also found to be inadequate to demonstrate the extent, relations,
and true value of the naturally divergent forms of each group. Prior
to the time of B lumenbach, however, D aubenton had already written
the first chapter in cranial osteology, by his observations on the basis
eranii, and the variations in the position of the foramen magnum
oceipitis.22 For the second chapter — the study of the cranium iu
profile— we are indebted to C amper , who identified his name with the
facial angle.23 S oemmering applied the occipito-frontal arch, the
horizontal periphery, and longitudinal and transverse diameters of
the cranium to demonstrate the differences between the heads of
Europeans and Negroes.24 During the publication of the Decades,
the celebrated J no. H u nt er , of London, began his scientifico-medical
career with an inaugural thesis upon the subjects under consideration.
25 nineteen years after the publication of the pentad, by which
the six decades of B lumenbach were completed, M orton’s great and
original work, the Crania Americana, was given to the world.26 From
that time, human cranioscopy asserted its claims to scientific consideration,
and gave a decided impetus to anthropology. In 1844,
from the same pen, apeared the Crania Ægyptiacaf which P richard
hailed as a most interesting and really important addition to our
knowledge of the physical character of the ancient Egyptians.23
The only elaborate English contribution to cranioscopy, is the
Crania Britannica of Messrs. Davis & Thurnam, the first decade of
which has but recently been issued from the British press. To the
sterling merits of this work allusion has already been made. Of the
scientific labors of those eminent Scandinavian craniologists and
antiquarians, Professors Retzius of Stockholm, Nilsson of Lund, and
Eschricht of Copenhagen, I need not here speak. To the ethnographic
student the writings of these savants have been long and
favorably known. The French have done but little in this particu22
See Memoirs of the Royal Academy of Sciences for 1764. Sur la Différence du Grand
Trou occipital dans VSomme et dans les autres Animaux.
* Dissertation sur les Variétés Naturelles, fcc., ouvrage posthume de M. P. Camper Paris
1792. *
24 Ueber die Körperliche Verschiedenheit des Negers vom Europäer. Frankfurt und
Mainz, 1785, p. 50, et seq.
» Disputatio Inauguralis quædam de Hominnm Varietatfbus et haram cansis exponens,
&c. Johannes Hunter, Edinburgi, 1775.
26 Crimia Americana ; or a Comparative View of the Skulls of various Aboriginal Nations
of North and South America, &c. By Samuel George Morton, M. D. Philada., 1839.
37 Crania Ægyptiaca ; or, Observations on Egyptian Ethnography, &c. By Samuel George
Morton, M. D. Phijada., 1844. Published originally in the Transactions of the Amer.
Philosoph. Society, vol. IX.
28 Nat. Hist, of Man, 3d edit. p. 570.
lar department of science. The names of Serres, Foville,20 Gosse,30
Dumoutier, Blanchard,31 and others, however, are before the public
in this connection. As far as I have been able to ascertain, cra-
mology has received more attention at the hands of the Germans,
Prof. Engel, of Prague, has given us a philosophical dissertation
upon cranial forms, the mensuration of the skull, &c.32 To Prof.
Zeune, we are indebted for a classification of skulls.33 Dr. C. G
Carus, in an elementaiy work on Cranioscopy, indicates and de’velopes
to some extent the principles which should guide us in our examination
of the different cranial formations, in their relation to psychical
conditions.34 In a subsequent work, he comments upon and explains
these principles more fully.35 Passing'over the names of Bidder36
Bruch,37 Spoendli,38Kôlliker,30 Virchow,"Lucæ,41 Fitzingeri2 and others,
I must conclude this hasty enumeration by calling attention to the
laborious and masterly work of Prof. Huschke, of Jena,—the result
as we are informed, in the preface, of nine years study and reflection.43
--With the exception of an admirable paper on the Admeasurements
of Crania of the principal groups of Indians of the United States, contributed
by Mr. J. g. P h il ip s to the Second Part of Schoolcraft’s
work on the Aboriginal Races of America,44 nothing has been done
for cramology on this side of the Atlantic since the demise of Dr.
M orton. Indeed, the labors of M orton embody not only all that
J I Déformation du Crâne résultant de la méthode la plus générale de couvrir la Tête des
Enfants 1834 Also, Traité complet de l’Anatomie, de la Physiologie et de la Pathologie
au Système Nerveux, 1844.
50 Essai sur les Déformations artificielles du Crâne. Paris, 1855.
31 Voyage au Pole Sud et dans l’Océanie, &c., Anthropologie, Atlas par Dr. Dumoutier-
texte par Emile Blanchard. Paris, 1854.
32 Untersuchungen über Sohädelformen. Von Dr. Joseph Engel, Prof., Prag, 1851.
33 Uber Schadelbildung zur festem Begründung der Menschenrassen. Von Dr A Zeune
Berlin, 1846.. '
«Grundzüge einer neuen und wissenschaftlich begründeten cranioscopie (Schädelehre)
von Dr. u. G. Carus. Stuttgart, 1841.
35 Atlas der Cranioscopie oder Abbildungen der Schædel- und Antlitzformen Beruehurter
oder sonst merkwuerdiger Personen von Dr. C. G. Cams. Leipzig, 1843.
36 De Cranii Conformatione. Dorpat, 1847.
37 Beiträge zur Entwickelung des Knochensystems.
38 Ueber den Primordialschädel. Zurich, 1846.
“ Theorie des Primordialschädels. (Zeitschrift fur Wissenschaftliche Zoologie. 2 Bd.)
V eb!,r d,e“ C™t™smus> namentlich in Franken und über pathologische Schädelformen.
( Verhandl. der physik. — medic. Gesellschaft in Würzburg, 1852 2 Bd )
“ fftCiehumana> Heidelberg*, I8 1 2 .-D e Symmetrie et Asymmetrie organorum animali
tatis, imprimis cranu, Marburgi, 1839-Schädel abnormer Form in Geometrischen Abbildungen,
von Dr. J. C. G. Luose. Frank, am Main, 1855.
43 Über die Schädel der Avaren, &c. Von L. J. Fitzinger. Wien 1853
« Schædel, Him und Seele des Menschen und .der Thiere nach alter, Geschlecht und
Race dargestellt nach neuen methoden und Untersuchungen von Emil Huschke. Jena, 1854
Infmunation respecting the History, Condition, and Prospects of the Indian Tribes
of the United States. By H. R. Schoolcraft. P a r tii. Philadelphia, 1852