avoid repeating likenesses published by either authority, except when
none so good were accessible elsewhere. Even then, in most cases,
my copies are taken from, or- have been compared with the original
engravings, as the reference under each head indicates.
Compelled to relinquish, owing to absence of sufficient materials,
my first idea of an ethnographic map, the next best substitute was
suggested by J. Achille Compte’s folio sheet ;586 which, considering
that it is now twenty-five years old, was the ablest condensation of
its day. Its errors have been indicated by Jacquinot; and, besides it
gives undue preponderance to Oceanic types when other parts of the
world possess equal claims-for representation. “ One sees a black
of Yanikoro drawn as the type of the Polynesian brown race ; below
it, another native of Yanikoro represents the Malay branch. Natives
of New-Ireland serve at one and the same time for the type of the
Polynesian race and for the black Oceanic race I”687 Without copying
any of the heads published by so gobd an authority, I have in
part availed myself of . Compte’s columnar arrangement and nomenclature,
in the third letter-press column of our Tableau.
Among the various desiderata towards exactness in ethnic iconography,
rank two necessities :—1st,-that the same portrait should at
least be photographed both in front view and 'profile; 2d, that these
photographs should not be restricted to the male sex, but that their
females should always accompany them ; inasmuch as, from the rape
of the Sabines down to Captain Bligh’s mutineers,— among Turks
universally, as well as in instances of American nations cited by Mc-
Gulloh688—the women of a given nation often differ totally in type
from their masculine possessors. Of this last contingency there exist
countless instances, met with even in our own every-day experiences.
The advantage of adding a bach view of each individual has been
shown by Debret ;689 and it is the rule followed, where possible, by
M. Rousseau.690 One universal savant,691 and one equally-universal
comparative anatomist,692 feel the importance of the first requirement.
B—r-»-> .. ,, . . . . -—r . .. .-.T. til-
586 Races Humaines, distribuées en un Tableau Méthodique, “ adopté par le Conseil royal de
l'Instruction Publique;” Paris, 1840:—being Pli I. of bis Régné Animàl, 1882.
587 J a c q u in o t , Études sur l’Histoire Naturelle de l’Homme; Thèse pour le Doctorat en Mé-
dicine, Paris, 4to., 1848; p. 117.
Researches, Philosophical and Antiquarian, concerning the Aboriginal History of America,
Baltimore, 8vo., 1829; pp. 84-5, &c. See a spirited sketch of the rape of a white woman,
by “ Pehuenches,” in P oe p p ig ’s Reise in Chili, &c., Atlas fol., 1836, PI. 7.
585 Voyage Pittoresque au Brésil, ii. pp. 114—5, PI. xii.
580 At the Jardin des Plantes ; as in several photographs of Hottentots, &C., I owe to his
complaisance.
5oi Ai.srkn Mattry, Questions relatives à VEthnologie1 ancienne de la Prance—Extrait de PAn-
nuaire de la Soc. Imp. des Antiquaires de Franoe pour 1852—Paris, 18mo., 1853 ; pp. 9-10.
602 S t e a u s - D u b c k h e im , Théologie de la Nature, Paris, 8vo., 1852 ; III, note xxx, Races
humaines ; pp. 318-9, 324.
H
The former presses French antiquaries with the following language
—“ In the portraits that we demand from our correspondents, they
should adhere both to giving front views, so as to enable the physiognomy
to be judged; and profile, in order to show the direction of
the lines of the face, the disposal of the forehead, the facial angle,
the degree of hollowness of the eye in relation to the ‘arcade souci-
lifere,’ the prominence of the chin. It is certain that these details of
the countenance, in appearance insignificant, exert a great influence
upon the ensemble of the features. By way of example, we would
instigate remark that the cavity at the root of the nose, in relation to
the slope of the forehead, is of itself a characteristic that distinguishes
certain races from others. The Greeks, to judge by the statues they
have left us, did not represent this cavity; so pronounced, on the
contrary, in sundry of our own provinces. Some physiologists have
attributed this character to mixture with the Germanic race, in which
it is observed in considerably high degree.: There are lines, even
some simple wrinkles, that stamp a given physiognomy with its
national impress; The Shlavic race notably distinguishes itself, ordinarily,
among men more than thirty years old, by a furrow which
cuts the whole cheek in a quasi-vertical sense.”
The subjoined authority stands so high among comparative anatomists,
that its weight, in support of the polygenistic view, deserves
attention. Straus-Durckheim says: “ In treating this subject f / u r / i o n
Race&\, as it ought to be, simply as a question of pure zoology, and
upon applying to it the same principles as to the determination of
other species of animals belonging to one genus, one arrives, in fact,
at really recognizing many very distinct human species, of which
the number cannot yet be fixed; on one account, because the interior
of the continents of Africa, Australia, and even of America, is not
sufficiently known; - and on another, that we do not possess even
sufficient data about the distinctive characters of a large number
already known
“ We are acquainted indeed with a few races, such as the Caucasian and the Negro; but
many others are very poorly indicated, even by Ethnographers, to such a degree that everything
remains still to be dohe:
“ The greater number of travellers who, until now, have gone over distant countries in
which exist races of men more or less distinct, have indeed brought back some drawings;
and, in these later times,, even busts moulded upon nature*; but more frequently they have
confined themselves to giving the portraits' of the Chiefs about whom they spoke in relating
their voyages; or else, they have represented a few common individuals, some taken at
random, and the others on aocount of whatever may have been extraordinary in their physiognomy;
whereas it is precisely the portraits of those who' present the most vulgar [or
normal] faces and forms among eahh people which it is essential to make known; their
features offering, through this very circumstance, the true characteristics of their races,
inasmuch as best resembling the greater number of individuals. * * * “ Now these various