L I THOGR A PHI C P LATES .
P a g e —Explanations.
P late I . •—Frontispiece, colored. “ Ancient Egyptian Scribe. Yth Dynasty.—
M a r i e t t e ’s Discoveries, 1852-4,” (Louvre Museum.) ........... I l l
II. — Fig. 1. “Ancient Scribe (ante, PI. I )—Profile.”—Fig. 2. “ Same head
altered into a modern Fellàh.”. ............... I l l
III. Fig. 1. Sepa. I (Louvre Museum).
Fig. 2. “ Nesa,” j v ' 110
IV. — “ Skhem-ka,” (Louvre Museum) ........ 110
V. — Fig. 1. “ Pahou-er-nowre.” ) ,T , WM
Fig. 2. “ Skhem-ka.' Profile.” j (L°U^ MuSeUm>............................. 110
YI. — Egyptian head (Louvre Museum)........................ I l l
VII. — “ Men-ka-her — Yth Dynasty,” (Louvre Museum) .................... 112
V III— Fig. 1 “Aahmes-nofre-ari.” | (Berlin Museum) j ...........................116
Fig. 2. “ Nefer-hetep I. ) I • ............................... 113
IX— F^ igs . 2, “3,E 4‘T. “. ETtr uVsac8aen- ’!d, rSmkBin g1-j ars/7 1) (British Museum) 190
E thnographic T ableau. — “ Specimens of Various Races o f Mankind.” 618
Chart. — “ Illustrative o f the Geographical distribution of Monkeys, in their
relation to that of some inferior Types of Men.” ................. 641
I N D I G E N O U S RAC E S
0 F
T H E E A R T H .
C H A P T E R I .
ON THE DISTRIBUTION AND CLASSIFICATION OF TONGUES, — THEIR RELATION
TO THE GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF RACES ; AND ON THE
INDUCTIONS WHICH MAY BE DRAWN FROM THESE RELATIONS.
BY ALFRED MAURY,
Librarian o f the French Imperial Institute, Secretary-General o f the
SOCIÉTÉ DE GÉOGRAPHIE DE PAR IS.
[COMMUNICATED TO DR. NOTT AND MR. GLIDDON.]
SECTION I.
A u t h o r s who have occupied themselves with the comparison of
languages have been inclined sometimes not to distinguish, in the
grammar, that which belongs to the very constitution of speech (itself
nothing else than the constitution of the human mind), and that
which appertains to such or to such another given form of utterance.
It is here, however, that an important distinction should be made:
because, if the difference between generic and specific characters he
not perceived, a man is incapable of analysis; and instead of making
a classification he loses himself in a synthesis vague and indefinite.
Languages are organisms that are all conceived upon the same
plan,—one might almost say, upon the same skeleton, which, in their
development and their composition, follow fixed laws; inasmuch as
these laws are the consequence of this organism itself. But, alongside
of this identity in the procedure, each family of tongues has its
own special evolution, and its own destinies. They all possess among
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