No. 3. — KORIAK.
[“ Inhabitants of Kotzebue Sound —D e K o t z e b u e , Voy. o f Discovery, N. E. Passage, in Russian
S. “ Rurick,” 1815-18; transl. Lloyd, London, 1821; I, PI. 1.] , '•*
Compare B e e c h e y ( Voyage to the Northern Ocean and Beering’s Strait, London,
4to, 1831,1, p. 250 seq., II, pp. 567-76), who, in describing the Esquimaux,
eastern and western, says, “ both people being descended from the same stock.”
No. 4. —ALEOTJTIAN.
[“ Habitant des lies Aléoutiennes —C h o r is , Tóya^e Pittoresque autour du Monde (1815-18) ; Paris,
fol., 1822, PI. I ll , 6me livraison.]
Compare “ a man of Kadiak” (PI. VI, in M a r t i n S a u r r ’s Account of a Geog.
and Astronom. Exped. to the Northern Parts of Russia, by Comm. J. Billings,
17.85-94; London, 4to, 1802.)
No. 5 .—AÌNO.
[“ Naturel de la ¡cète septentrionale de Jesso D e K r u s e n s t e r n , Voyage autour du Monde, 1803-6,
in the Russian S. “ Nadiejeda and Neva” — transl. Eyries; Paris, 1821 ; Atlas 4to, PI. XY, 1 : collated
with PI. LXX1X, of the Russian folio original, St. Petersburg, 1813.]
Colored, “ teint brun verdàtre foncé,” according to D e sm o u lin s {op. cit., p p .
165, 286). De K r u s e n s t e r n (II, p p . 89—90, 98-^9) considers the hairiness of
these Ainos to have been exaggerated, and says their color is “ teint brun foncé et
presque noir” Upon shpwing our colored head, No. 5, to my friend Lieut.
Habersham, he tells me that it does very well. Already (vide supra, “ Prefatory
Remarks”), I have been enabled, through his kindness and zeal for science, to
present a wood-cut* exhibiting the true characteristics of a race so little known
as these Ainos. Here is Lieut. Habersham’s description : —
“ The hairy endowments of these people are by no means so extensive as some
early writers lead one to suppose. As a general rule, they shave the front of
the head à la Japanese, and though the remaining hair is undoubtedly very
thick and coarse, yet it is also very straight, and owes its bushy appearance to
the simple fact of constant scratching and seldom combing. This remaining
hair they part in the middle, and allow to grow within an inch of the shoulder.
The prevailing hue is black, but it often possesses a brownish cast, and these
exceptions cannot be owing to the sun, as it is but reasonable to suppose that
they suffer a like exposure from infancy up. Like the hair, their beard is bushy,
and from the same causes. It is generally black, but often brownish, and seldom
exceeds five or six inches in length. I only saw one case where it reached more
than half-way to the waist ; and here the owner was evidently proud of its great
length, as he had it twisted into innumerable small ringlets, well greased, and
kept in something like order. His hair, however, was as bushy as that of any
other. As this individual was evidently the most “ hairy Kurile” of the party
we selected him as the one most likely to substantiate the assertion of Broughton
in regard to “ their bodies being almost universally covered with long, black
hair.” He readily bared his arms and shoulders for inspection, and (if I except
a tuft of hair on each shoulder-blade, of the size of one’s hand) we found his
body to be no more hairy than that of several of our own men. The existence
of those two tufts of hair caused us to examine several others, which examinations
established his as an isolated case.
“ Their beard, which grows well up under the rather retreating eye, their bushy
brows, and generally wild appearance and expression of countenance, give them
a most savage look, singularly at variance with their mild, almost cringing,
manners. When drinking, they have a habit of lifting the hanging mustache
over the nose, and it was this practice, I suppose, which caused an early, writer
to say, “ their beards are so long as to require lifting up;” Though undoubtedly
below the middle height as a general rule, I still saw several who would be
called quite large men in any country; and, though the average height he not
more than ‘“five feet two or four inches,” they make up the difference in an
abundance of muscle. They are a well-formed race, with the usual powers of
endurance accorded to savages, indicated in their expansive chests and swelling
muscles. Their features partake more of the European cast than any other.
They are generally regular, some even noble, while all are devoid of that expression
of1 treacherous cunning which stands out in such bold relief from the faces
of their masters—the Japanese and Northern Chinese. I cannot but agree with
La Perouse as to their superiority over those nations. * * *
“ The Aiinos are unpleasantly remarkable as a people in two respects, viz.:
the primitive nature of their costume, and their extreme filthiness of person.
I doubt if an Ainu ever washes; hence the existence of vermin in everything
that pertains to them, as well as a great variety of cutaneous diseases, for which
they appear to have, few or no remedies. There'is another side to the picture,
however, and it is a bright one. Their moral and social qualities, as exhibited
both in their intercourse with each other and with strangers, are beautiful to
behold. * * *
^ “ I cannot account for Broughton’s assertion in regard to their being of “ a
light copper-color,” unless he referred to a few isolated cases. As I have previously
remarked, we saw several hundred men, women, and children, and these
were all of a dark brownish-black, with one exception; which exception was a
male adult, strongly suspected of being a half-breed.” (Op. cit., pp. 311-14.)
No. 6. — SAMOYEDE.
[“ Gfowrila, K&nin-Samojeden—Da Mtddendorf, Die Samqjcden in St. Petersburg, PI. XIV. (Vide
Bulletin, de la Sik. Ethnblogique de Paris, 1847,1, pp. 268,296-7,800-7; and St. Petersburg Zettima
1847, Nob. 77, 78.] .
' Colored from Prince Demidoff’s collection in the Galerie Apthropologique, Jar-
din des Plantes, Paris, 1855.
Compare D e sm o u lin s , op. cit., pp. 261-6:—L a th am , Native Races o f the Russian
Empire, London, 1854, pp. 112-21: — M a x -M u lle b , Languages o f the Seat
of War, London, 1855; 2d ed., pp. 118-28.
I I .
A S I A T I C REALM.
(Nos. 7, 8, 9,10,11,12.)
“ Asia Polyglotta” (K l a p k o th , Spraeh Atlas, Paris, fol., 1823; and Atlas of his Tableaux
historiques deVAsie, Paris, fol., 1826; — with their perspicuous maps of Asia at different
periods, for all sources^)” seems likely to become “ Asia Polygenea,” whenever anthropology
shall possess, about her multiform human occupants, either the accurate data now
acquired for elucidating the Egyptians,Vats Arabs, the Hebrews, the Berbers, and the Chinese,
—or the precise knowledge gained in her inferior departments of zoology. Almost everything
known about A static ethnography is contained within the present and our former
work, taking in view the references accompanying any statement in both.
REFERENCES AND EXPLANATIONS.
No. 7.—KAMTSCHADALE.
[Pkioham), Natural Bist. o f Man, London, 1865: ed. Norris; I. p. 224, PL lx.—ftom Chows.]
On these I have nothing to add to Dr. Meigs’s remarks in Chapter HL