T u p a i a j a v a n ic a , Horsfield, Plate VII, figs. 14 and 15, skull.
Tupaia javanica, Horsfd. Zool. Resch. in Java, 1822, fig. ; Desmarest, Mamm. 1822, pp. 586,
825; Fischer, Syn. Mamm. 1829, p. 260; Gray, Griffith's An. Kingd. vol. v. (1827), p. 306;
Reichenbach, Natur. Raubth. 1834-86, p. 821, fig. 451.
Cladohates javanicus, Lesson, Man. de Mamm. 1827, p. 122; Wagner, Scbreber, Saugeth. Suppl. vol.
v. 1855, p. 527; Fitzinger, Sitzgsbr. der k. Akad. Wien, vol. lx. 1870, pp. 282, 288. '
Hylogale javanica, Muller und Schlegel, Verhandl. 1889-44, pp. 165, 166, pi. xxvi. fig. 8; pi. xxvii.
figs. 7 to 10.'
The skulls of the specimens referred by Blyth to T. javanica are totally
different from the skull of that species as depicted by Miiller and Schlegel, and must
be regarded as belonging to a hitherto unrecognised form, T. malaccana. T. jaoanica
is distributed over Java, Borneo, and Sumatra, according to Muller and Schlegel.
Externally, T. javanica and T. malaccana appear to be much alike, and it may be
that the RTna.ll Tupaia from Sumatra, referred by other authors to this species, is the
Malayan form T. malaccana.
T u p a i a m a l a c c a n a , n. s., Plate VII, figs. 16 and 17, skull.
Sorex-glis press, F. Cuv. Mammif. vol. ii. Livr. xxxv. Dec. 1821.
Tupaia javanica, Blyth, Cat. Mamm. Mus. As. Soc. Beng. 1863, p. 82.
About the same colour as T. bela/ngeri. Pur short and fine, and measures
on an average 0*88 inch long, the more rigid and longer hairs being 0-58 or 0*55
inch in length. The basal black region measures 0*19 in extent, and the annula-
tion is the sampi as in the other species, only the bands are not so broad. The
pale bands are rich yellow. The tail above is concolorous with the body. The
shoulder stripe is yellowish or nearly pure white. The feet are rufous-yellowish.
The under surface is white, richly washed with rufous-yellow: the under surface
of tail is richer and darker rufous-yellow.
Rather smaller,. or of the size of T. javcmca. Muzzle short; tail longer than
the body. Length of the body and head 5‘40, tail 6*70, hind foot 1*25.
The characters of this species are best seen in its skull, of which there are two
in the TnfHa.n Museum, Calcutta, agreeing in all essential particulars with each other.
One was removed by Blyth from an adult of this species from Malacca, and the
other from a younger animal with milk dentition.
The- most striking features of the skull are its small size, its breadth, and the
shortness of the facial portion as compared with the figure of T. ja/oamca given
by Miiller and Schlegel. Its orbito-parietal ridges form a broad, rounded arch,
quite different from what occurs in the skull of any of the other species of Tupaia ;
and hence we find associated with the same portion of the skull a breadth and
flatness which is also specific and characteristic of this form. The muzzle rapidly
contracts from the orbit to its middle, beyond which it maintains an almost equal
width. Behind the nasals, the skull is concave from before backwards, and the
frontais are rather swollen.
The upper margin of the orbit is directed inwards as far as the supra-orbital
foramen, from whence it passes outwards and downwards. The lachrymal notch
is well marked, and the malar perforation large.
Measurements of skull of T. malaccana:
Posterior margin of orbito-parietal ridge to tip of premaxillaries . . . i.©o.'
Greatest breadth across zygomatic arch
tween second and third molars.
I „ parietals
Breadth at lachrymal n o t c h ..................................................
Lachrymal notch to tip of premaxillaries
• • Breadth at c a n i n e s ............................................................
» at second incisors. . . . . . .
„ at first . . ’ .
' at orbital angle o f frontais . .
Least breadth between orbits.................................................
Posterior palatine margin to tip o f premaxillaries .
Greatest breadth between alveolar snrface (external margin)
Breadth (external) half-way between posterior incisor and canine
Length o f alveolar b o r d e r .................................................
Depth of premaxillary surface to anterior extremity o f nasals
» ■» „ to posterior
through posterior margin of palate
» „ highest point o f parietal . . .
Anterior extremity of symphysis to extremity o f angular process of lower jaw
» » M condyle
» » i, coronoid process
Length of alveolar surface . . . ' . .
Depth through coronoid process . . . .
„ from base o f corono-condyloid notch
The most particular feature in the dentition of this species is the close proximity
of the canine to the 1 st premolar, the two teeth heing placed side by side
■without any appreciable interval. The 1st premolar is little more than one-half the
size of the oanine. The 2nd premolar has no internal cusp, but has an anterior one
feebly developed. The 3rd premolar is as in the other species. The posterior internal
eusp of the molars is only indicated by a faint swelling on the first molar, the
others showing no trace of it. The canine of the mandible is not so procumbent as
in the other species, and is much higher than any of the surrounding teeth. T.
belangeri resembles it somewhat in this character.
The two specimens from which the foregoing description is taken were procured
at Malacca and referred by Blyth to T.jcnamoa, but it is impossible to reconcile
their short, round skulls with Horsfield’s figures of the head, nor with the drawing
of the skull of that species given by Muller and Schlegel.
The figure given by T. Cuvier of the Cerp or Banxring as T. javanica agrees so
closely with the specimens before me in its coloration, short muzzle, and long tail,
that I am disposed to refer it to the present species, as it is apparently not T. fer-
rugi/nea.
Habitat.—Malacca: ? Sumatra.