iiterine vessels to demonstrate the structure of the cryptose structure in which they
were imbedded.
I here endeavour to give the synonymy of the two species of Mania which
were obtained in the two Expeditions to Western Yunnan.
* M a n i s a t tr ita , Hodgson.
Armodillus squamatus major ; sen diabolus Tajovanicus Siamensium, ex Insuld Formosa, Seba, vol. i.
1784, t. 58, fig. 5, p. 87.
llanis Tehin Chian Kiapp (Chinese), Dalmann, Kongl. Svetens. Yetn. Acad. Handl. Stockh. 1749,
p. 265, tab. 6 ; Chuen-shan-kia or Hill-borer (Chinese), Swinhoe, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1870, p. 287.
Manis pentadactyla, Syst. Nat. ed. 10th, 1758, p. 86 (in part) ; ibid. ed. 12th, 1766, p. 52 (in part) ;
Gmelin, Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. 18th, vol. i. 1788, p. 58 (in part) ; Schreber's Saugeth. 1775,
vol. i. p. 208 (in part) ; Ogilby, Hoyle, 111. Him. Bot. 1889; Cantor, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist,
vol. is. 1842, p. 482 (in part) ; Blyth, Joum. As. Soc. Beng. 1842, vol. xi. p. 453 (in part) ;
ibid. 1860, vol. xxix. p.- 98 (in part) ; Gray, Hand-List Mamm. B. M. 1848, p. 188 (in part) ;
Cat. Mamm. &c. Nepal, Hodg. Coll. B. M. 1846, p. 86.
Manis brachyura, Erxleben, Syst. Ann. 1777, p. 98 (in part) ; McClelland, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1889,
p. 188.
Manis indica, Zimmermann, Geogr. Gesch. vol. ii. 1780 (in part) ; Lesson, Diet. Class, d'Hist. Nat.
vol. xiii. 1828, p. 18 (in part) .
Manis brevicaudata, Tiedemann, Zool. 1808, vol. i. p. 497 (in part).
Manis àurita, Hodg. Joum. As. Soc. Beng. vol. v. 1886, p. 284 ; ibid. vol. x. p. 911 ; Cal. Joum.
Nat. Hist. vol. iv. 1844, p. 289; Blyth, Cat. Mam. As. Soc. Mus. 1863, p. 179; Jerdon's
Mamm. Ind. 1867, p. 816, et App. p. iv.
Manis dalmanni, Kongl. Vetens. Acad. Handl. Stockh. 1842 (imp. 1848)-, p. 256, pi. iv. fig. 10
(claw-bone) ; Schinz, Syn. Mamm. vol. ii. 1845, p. 546 ; Rapp, Edent. 1852, p. 17 ; Gray,
Proc. Zool. Soc. 1865, p. 866 (in part) ; Cat. Camiv. e t Edent. Mamm. B. M. 1869, p. 871
(in part); Jerdon's Mamm. Ind. 1867, App. p. iv .; Swinhoe, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1870, p. 236.
Manis javanica, Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1859, p. 182 ; Blyth, Joum. As. Soc. Beng. 1861, vol. xxx,
p. 91 (in part).
This species is very common in all the hilly country immediately to the east of
Bhamô and at the still higher elevation of Teng-yue-chow, and it extends from the
Himalaya across to Eastern China.
* M a n i s j a v a n ic a , Desmarest.
Pangolin, P. Cuv. Recherch. Oss. Foss. vol. viii. 4th ed. 1836, p. 189, pi. 209, figs. 2 to 5.
Manis javanica, Desmarest, Mamm. 1820, p. 377 ; Diet. Sc. Nat. vol. xxxvii. 1825, p. 831 ; Lesson,
Diet. Class, vol. xiii. 1828, p. 15; Lesson, Man. de Zool. 1827, p. 816; Fischer, Syn. Mamm.
1829, p. 400; Blyth, Joum. As. Soc. 1842, vol. xi. p. 454 ; ibid. vol. xvi. 1847, p. 1274;
Cat. Mamm. As. Soc. Mus. 1863, p. 179; Sundevall, Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Handl. 1842,
(Stockholm), 1843, p. 254, tab. iv. fig. 11 ; Schinz, Syn. Mamm. vol. ii. 1845, p. 825 ; Miiller,
Verhandl. 1839-44, p.
Manis javanica, Turner, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1851, p. 219; Horsfield, Cat. Mamm. E. Ind. Co.'s Mus.
1851, p. 107 ; Rapp, Edent. 1852, p. 16, pl. iia et pi. vi. figs. 1, 2 (skull).
Manis pentadactyla, Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. vol. xiii. p. 249.
Manis leptura, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xi. 1842, p. 454; ibid. vol. xvi. 1847, p. 1278;
Cat. Mamm. As. Soc. Mus. 1863, p, 180.
Manii aepera, Sundevall, Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Handl. 1843 (Stockholm, 1843), p. 213; Kapp,
Edent. 1852, p. 17; Schinz, Syn. Mamm. vol. ii. 1845, p. 546.
Manie lewmra, Blyth, Joum. As. Soc. Beng. 1847, vol. xvi. p. 1274; Hid. 1861, vol. nxx. p. 91.
Pliolidotaejavaaicm, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soo. 1865, p. 366; Cat. Camiv. et Edent. Mamm. B. M. 1869,
p. 370.
This species appears to be restricted to the low country about Bhamfi and to the
outlying spurs oi the Kakhyen mountains, not ascending to any great elevation like
M. a/urita.