a considerable dilatation on the small intestine, but the anterior division of the left
lobe of the liver is large and widely invests it. The posterior section of the gland
fills up the lesser curvature posteriorly. The small intestine of a male, measuring
6 inches, was 29"'25 in length. The large intestine began by a decided and sudden
enlargement, and was 6 inches long. The liver is olive-brown and minutely punc-
tulated with black. The free lobule of the cystic division is occasionally unconnected
with the process that projects to the right from the inferior angle of the
left division of the liver, but the two are generally connected by a delicate band of
liver substance. The gall bladder usually perforates the outer side of the liver,
but is sometimes invested by it* The pancreas is narrow, band-like, compact but
thin, extending from close to the pyloric extremity to a little to the left of the
termination of the gall duct. The spleen is a reddish gland, in the usual Chelonian
position, 7 lines in length by 8 in width. The thymus is small, round and yellowish,
4 lines in diameter, slightly compressed from above downwards, situated anterior to
the base of the heart and lying below the origin of the great vessels. I t is divided
into minute hexagonal lobules, which have almost completely degenerated into fat.
There are numerous lymphatics of a deep almost blackish colour, all about the
cardiac area, especially at the apex of the lungs and along the mesial line of the neck.
There is a very extensive cluster of large black inguinal glands closely applied over
the cloacal bladders, immediately external to the kidney and the extremity of the
lung which overlaps the anterior end of the kidney. The lungs are simple, being
very litlelobulated, the dorsal margin presenting a flat surface where it is applied to
the sides of the vertebral column, but without any lobulating; a partial bilobing of
the apex; a projecting outer margin, contracting anteriorly and posteriorly; and a
simple terminal sac-like lobule. The lungs are not very capacious. The glans-penis
and the clitoreal area are jet black; the urethral folds are very distinct. The glans is
pointed, with the rosette consisting of three pairs of lobes on either side of the
termination of the urethral groove, the distal pair being connected together by a
transverse septum, the distal surface of which is traversed by the end of the
urethral groove. The mesial pair of lobes are very small. The clitoris consists of
two lobes forming a triangle with a distal apex, their extremities free proxi-
mally, a transverse fold connecting them with a pit below it, the ends of the
lobules having each a small filamentous process behind it, in reality the termination
of the urethral fold of either side. The cloacal bladders are large, without
any villi, the walls being perfectly smooth when expanded, but rugose when contracted.
Prom their orifices a smooth tract runs along the cloaca to terminate
externally.
This variety differs but slightly from the Indian form, but sufficiently to entitle
it to be indicated as a local race. In its habits also it appears to me to be less active.
Like the Tnriian form, this Burmese variety is exclusively a vegetable-feeder,
and I observed that among other aquatic weeds it eat the common Vallisnena,
and, in confinement, plantains with avidity. I t lays a number of oval eggs at one
time, burying them a little way underground.
I obtained this species at Bhamd, and have received specimens from Moul-
mem and from Khyouk-Phyoo in Arracan, I t is prevalent throughout the Irawady,
and doubtless extends down the Malayan peninsula. I t is closely allied to G.
nigricans. There appear to be four distinct varieties of this species; the Burmese
form; the Madras form which extends northwards as far as Chota Nagpur, and
across India-to Goa, and to the north-west as far as the Jumna Canal, from whence it
has been recorded by Theobald, thus having a distribution much the same as Emyda
vittata, Peters; and a variety in the southern extremity of India (Travancore); and
another in Ceylon. The shells are most variable in form, and the differences lie
chiefly in colour.
The Madras variety, S . trijuga var. maderaspatana, is generally brown, with a
paler margin to the shell, and the females are paler than the males. The head is
dark brownish-olive. In the Southern India variety (Travancore) var. coronata, the
shell is entirely black above and below, with no pale band on the sternum between
the axilla and groin. The upper surface of the head from the tip of the snout
between the eyes to the commencement of the occipital spine, and the upper surface
and one-half of the sides of the first two-thirds of the neck, black. A vertical black
line from between the nostrils to the border of the lip. A yellow hand from the
orbit over the tympanum, and temporal area golden-yellow, hut of variable extent.
The Ceylon variety, Emys seta, Gray, is wholly black, except a narrow yellowish
line down the vertebral ridges and along the margin of the shell, hut the margins
of the plastron are broadly light yellow, and the inner aspects of the marginals are
yellowish. In the adult, the head is almost uniformly black, but in the young
it is brightly spotted all over with orange.
I have never observed an Emyde of this nature in the. Calcutta tanks, nor
indeed in Bengal, and on examining the types of E. trijuga, D. and B., in the Paris
Museum, I ■ found they corresponded to the Madras pale-brown variety. The
specimen said to have been procured at Calcutta is very young, and is certainly not ■
E. hamiltom, as has been suggested by Blyth, but it has the spotted head of the
Emydes found in Ceylon'; however it is too young for any one satisfactorily to determine
what it really is.
The type of E. lelangeri, Lesson, I could not find in the Paris Museum, after
having searched for it.
family—BATAGURIBJB.
Genus B a t a g u p . , Gray.
Shell solid; ridged or unridged on the dorsal surface; vertebral plates generally
broad posteriorly; the fourth, in some, anteriorly pointed; posterior margin of shell
denticulated in the young state, denticles disappearing with age. Sternum flat in
both sexes. Process from hyoplastron sending up a strong ln.mcng.i- process to the
first costal plate, greatly constricting the axillary entrance to the visceral section of
the shell; hypoplastron sending up a similar process to the fifth and sixth costal
u A