This species approaches B. hexadactyla and B. cyanophlyctis, but it is distinguished
from the former by its distinct and smaller tympanum, larger vomerine
teeth, by the absence of the transverse fold between the orbits, by its emarginate
interdigital membrane, and by the character of its coloration; and from the latter by
its distinct and smaller tympanum, prominent vomerine teeth and by the metatarsus
being destitute of a fold. On the other hand, it is more allied to B . tigrina in the
character of its vomerine ridges, and still more so to B. kuhlii in its fang-like processes
in the lower jaw, the character of its tympanum and metatarsal tubercle.
I t occurs at Mandalay, but I did not observe it in the neighbourhood of
Bham6, below which town, however, I obtained one example of B. kuhlii, which is
the common frog in the Kakhyen hills and in the high valley of Hotha.
It ANA K UH L II, Schlegel.
Rana kuhlii, Schlegel, Mus. Ludg. Batav.; Dum. &Bib., Erpdt. Genl., vol. viii, 1841, p. 884; Günther
. Cat. Batr. Sal. B. M., 1858, p. 8 ; Kept. Brit. Ind., 1864, p. 404, pi. xxvi, A. B . ; Theobald,
Joum. As. Soc., Bengal, vol. xxxvii, 1868, p. 80; Anderson, Proc. Zool. Soe., 1871, p. 197 ;
Joura. As. Soc., 1871, p. 87; Stoliczka, Proc. As. Soc., Bengal, 1872, p. 145; Ferguson, Kept.
Fauna, Ceylon, 1877, p. 26.
Rana corrugata, Peters, Monatsber. Berl. Akad., 1868, p. 412.
Rana conspicillata, Günther, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1872, p. 597, pi. lx, fig. A.
I obtained one example of this species in the second defile of the Irawady
on the left bank of the river, and numerous specimens of all ages at Ponsee in the
Kakhyen hills and from the still higher elevation of Hotha further to the east.
In all of these examples, the skin of the head and back, and of the upper
surface of the thighs, is perfectly smooth, but in the young there are a few
obscure tubercles on the sides of the body. All the specimens, however, with
the exception of an adult male, have the inner aspect of the tarsus, the under-
surface of the metatarsus, and the upper surface of the lower half of the calf of
the leg roughly tubercular, the tubercles being especially large on the latter region.
The metatarsal fold and the fringe of the toes are also roughly granular. The toes
are completely webbed, but the membrane is more or less emarginate.
The young are light greenish-brown marbled with darker, but the adults are
generally so dark that the marbling cannot be traced. There is a black band
between the eyes in young specimens, and a pale yellow band from the snout through
the eye to the tympanum. The under surface also is quite smooth, and is yellowish
mottled with dark-brown on the throat and chest, the sides of the abdomen and
on the under surface of the limbs. Some of the young specimens show indistinct
dorsal folds. Only one out of the 33 collected shows a yellowish dorsal line. The
fang-like apophyses of the lower jaw are well developed.
These specimens resemble the types in the Leyden Museum in having the
sides of the body slightly tubercular, but, unlike them, they have the skin 0f the
surface of the body thrown into fine folds, marked by small eminences with porelike
depressions,—a character which is also observed in examples of the species
from Ningpo.
The Yunnan specimens more closely resemble the frogs from Borneo, which
were described by Gunther as B. conspicillata, but which he now allows to be one of
the many varieties of this widely distributed species.
In the British Museum, there is a frog from Ningpo distinctly referable to this
species, and which is characterised by the same fine transverse, almost concentric and
wavy, glandular ridges which have been observed in Ceylon examples of the species.
I t is a circumstance worthy of note that this specimen shows no trace of vomerine
teeth, and yet the body alone measures ¡2*10 inches, and has strongly developed
apophyses on the lower jaw.
R a n a t u n n a n e n s i s , n. s., Plate LXXVIII.
Head broader than long; the snout rounded and somewhat pointed; nostril
nearer the snout than the eye; canthus rostralis feeble; tympanum visible, but indistinct,
half the size of the eye; a glandular fold from the eye over the tympanum
to the shoulder ; vomerine teeth but little developed and in two short oblique ridges,
on the inner side of the choanse, convergent behind, but separated from each other
by a wide interval. Openings of the internal nostrils small, round, those of the eus-
tachian tubes very small. Tongue free, cordate, deeply notched. A feeble fold along
the metatarsus and along the first toe enclosing a small but strong laterally compressed
sharp-edged crescentic tubercle. A fold along the fifth toe. lingers tapering, tips not
enlarged; the first, second, and fourth subequal in size, the third slightly longer than
the second, a few minute homy spines on the upper surface of the thumb. Toes
incompletely webbed, the membrane emarginate, reaching to the extremities of all
the toes but the fourth : fourth toe, one-third longer than the third. TJpper surface
densely covered with round warty tubercles, each surmounted by a small black homy
granule. Smooth beneath. Uniform greenish olive-brown, with obscure dark bands
from the orbit to the lip and on the upper surface of the limbs ; under surface
brownish-yellow, reticulately spotted with deep brown. Prom the vent to the metatarsal
tubercle is rather more than the length of the body. Length of body 2"*08:
vent to metatarsal tubercle 2"T6. The two specimens were procured at Hotha, 5,000
feet above the sea.
- No. 1.. No. 2.
Length from snout to vent ... 2*’-10 l'*20
,, of hind limb vent to heel ... 1^*77 1#,04
,, from heel to tip of fourth too ,••• l ' -40 0 '190
Prom the obscure nature of the vomerine teeth in this species, and its general
resemblance to Dicroglossus adolfi, I was at first disposed to refer it to the genus
Dicroglossus, but the unquestionable presence of vomerine teeth proved it to be a Bona.
The types of Dicroglossus adolfi possess posteriorly convergent eminences from the
inner margins of the choanse, which feel rugose when a fine instrument is drawn