allied forms. For example, in a neighbouring group, the hlaok-faoed stump-tailed
monkeys, M. ocreatm and M. maurus, Dr. Solater' states that it is hardly possible
to distinguish the one from the other.
» M a c a c u s L EO N n n r s, B l y t h .
Macacu, nmestrinus (?) Blyth, Joum. As. Soe. Beng. 1844., vol. mi. p. 473..
Innuus arctoides (?) Blyth, Joum. As. Soc. Bung. 1847, vol. xvi. p. 781.
Macwms leonimt, Blyth, Cat. Mamm. Mus. As. Soc. Beng. 1863, p. 7 ; Joum. As. Soc. Bong. 1876,
vol. xliv. ex. no. p. 6; Sdater, Proc. Zool. Soc, 1870, p. 668, pi. xxxv (male and female).
Cercopit&eeus, Heifer, Joum. As. Soo. Beng. vol. vii. 1888, p. 858. -
Macao*, antommmm, Bartlett, Land and Water, July 24, 1869, vol. vm. p. 87; Sdater, Proc. Zool.
Soc. 1869, p. 467 et fig. (female); Hamilton, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1870, p. 220.
rail»«* Immnns, Blyth, Jonm. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xliv. 1876, ex. no. p. 2.
A thick-set powerful animal, with a broad, rather flattened head above, and a
moderately short, well-clad, upturned tail, about one-third the length of the body and
head. The female considerably smaller.
In the male, on the shoulders, the back of the neck, and on the upper part of
the humerus, the hairs are long and annulated with orange and black, so that these
portions of the animal are more brightly ooloured than the others on which annulation
also prevails. On the former localities the hairs measure fully three inches in length
and their basal halves are greyish, and the remainder annulated with eleven alternate
bands of dark brown and orange, the apical ring being of the former colour. Behind
the shoulder the hair is shorter, especially on the rump. On the middle line of the
back the terminal dark brown ends of the hairs change into black and increase in
, extent, and as they are traced backwards the last halves of the hairs become wholly
black and the yellow annuli disappear; so that on the lumbar and upper surface of
the sacral region, the exposed portion of the fur is black, and this colour is prolonged
on to the upper surface of the tail. On the sides of the body anterior to the
blackish area occupying the loins, the hair is annulated, hut more or less black-
tipped. The orange-olive of the shoulder pales on the lower two-thirds of the
fore-limb into a yellowish olive; but all the hairs are annulated. On the outside
of the thighs also and on the sides of the sacral region the hair is annulated;
but on the latter area the annuli are rather obscure, and the colour is greyish,
more or less washed with black; the thighs partaking of the annulation and colour
of the arms, but paler, and with a more dusky tinge. The upper sides of the hands
are somewhat dusky, but the feet'are more so. The buttocks, even to the sides of
the tail, are sparsely clad with grey fur wanting annulations; and the tail on its under
surface is pale grey, except towards its end, where the blaok of the upper surface
extends downwards and has a rusty tinge. The tail is somewhat tufted. The hair on
the chest is annulated, hut paler than on the shoulders, and it is especially dense on
the lower part of the chest. The lower half of the insides of the anterior and pos-
1 Proc. Zool. Soc. 1871, p. 223.
terior limbs is well clad with annulated fur like their outsides; but their upper
halves internally and the belly are only sparsely clad with long brownish grey
unannulated hairs. The upper surface of the head is densely clad with short, dark,
radiating yellowish brown fur, broadly tipped with black, the hair radiating from
the vertex. On and around the ear the hair is very pale grey. Above the external
orbital angle and on the sides of the face the hair is dense and pale greyish,
but obscurely annulated with dusky brown and grey and directed backwards, and
similarly coloured hair is prolonged downwards on to the middle of the throat. These
hairs are rather long and dense, but they pass inwards as very short hairs below the
eye on to the hollow of the cheek, and in this region they are yellowish brown. The
face generally is sparsely clad with fine hairs, and with longer hairs on the
cheeks, with black hairs interspersed, and the upper and lower lips are similarly
clad; and the hairs on the chin are blackish, but there is no long beard; there
is a line of black, bristly, supraorbital hairs. The .face is fleshy brownish on the
muzzle and between the eyes; the circumorbital area and the forehead are almost
white, with a bluish tinge, the line of the eyebrows being brownish, and a narrow
line from the external angle of the eye outwards, reddish.
The female differs from the male in the absence of the black on the head and
back, and in the hair of the under parts being brownish grey without annulations.
The shoulders are somewhat brighter than the rest of the fur, which is yellowish
olive; this passes into greyish olive on the outside of the limbs, into dusky on the
upper surface of the hands and feet, and into black on the upper surface of the tail.
Length of male, from muzzle to root of tail 23 inches; length of tail without
hair 8 inches, with hair 10 inches.
Inhabits the southern portion of Arracan and the valley of the Irawady.
The Burmese pig-tailed monkey, M. leoninus, is intermediate between M.
rhesus and the pig-tailed Macaque, M. nemestrmus, which is its nearest ally.
These two pig-tailed monkeys constitute two well-marked species, apparently
much more differentiated than the species more specially allied to M. rhesus
are from each other, so th a t there is no difficulty in seizing their particular
characters.
The fully matured skull (figs. 1 and 2) is considerably smaller (see following
table, page 55) than that of M. nemestrmus. I t differs from it in its very much less
forwardly projected muzzle, which has more of the characters of the downwardly
shelving muzzle of M. lasiotis, with little or no indication of an interorbital depression
; the slope from the supraorbital ridge to the extremities of the nasals and
premaxillse being in a nearly straight line downwards and forwards.
I t is altogether a much shorter, more globular, and more compact skull than
that of Macacus nemestrmus; but, as in that species, the orbital ridges are very
strongly developed, and project considerably above and outside the orbits. The
upper margins are on a level with the vertex, so much so that there is a considerable
depression on the frontal region behind them. The orbits are rather large, and the
interorbital portion of the skull is narrow. The muzzle is moderately developed,