and not much tapered anteriorly. The oocipital is mnch uptilted, and the symphisis
of the lower jaw is rather receding.
Pig. 1.—Profile of the skull o f the male Leonine Monkey (Macacus leoninus) from Bun f nát. s
Pig. 2.—Upper view of skull of M. leoninus $ , from Burma, f nat. size.
The female is considerably smaller than the male skull, the ridges are but little
developed, and the muzzle is less heavy, shorter, and more pointed. The occipital
region also is much less uptilted.
In M. leonwus the vertebral formula is C. 7, D. 12, L. 6 to 7, S. 3, and
caudal 17 to 18. The caudal vertebrae to the sixth are very short, the sixth and
seventh especially so; beyond the seventh, the segments decrease in length more
rapidly than in M. rhesus. Haemapophyses first begin to show themselves
between the fourth and fifth caudals, and can be traced a t least as far as the
tenth segment. Transverse processes cease on the fourth, and the neural canal on
the fifth caudal. The caudal vertebrae have all the appearance, so to speak, of
degradation, and look as if they were in the process of becoming reduced to the
rudimentary character which they assume in the stump-tailed monkeys.
The following are the measurements of the main regions of the vertebral
column and of its caudal portion:—
The male:— • ' •
Length from atlas to last sacral along curve of under surface . . 15*25
Length of caudal vertebrae . . . . . . . . . 7"50
The female :—
Length from atlas to last sacral along curve of under surface . . 18*25
Length of caudal vertebra . . . . . . . . , . 6*40
In the male the humerus is 6*40 inches in length, the radius 6*15, and the ulna
6*75, whilst in the hind limb the femur measures 7‘20, the tibia 6*60, and the
fibula 6*15 inches ; the length of the manus being 4*75 and the pes 6*15 inches.
Measurements o f the skulls o f M. leoninus and M. nemestrinus.
Anterior border of foramen magnnm to tip o f premaxillaries
Greatest length, occiput to premaxilla . . . . .
Occipital ridge to nasal process of frontal . . . .
Anterior margin o f auditory opening to tip of premaxilla.
Breadth between auditory openings . . . .
Greatest breadth behind roots of zygoma . . . .
„ _ facial breadth across fronto-malar suture
Anterior border of foramen magnum to posterior border of palate
End o f premaxilla to nasal process of frontal . . . .
Breadth o f frontals behind tempero-malar suture .
■ „ across zygomatic arch ........................................
„ of muzzle at base of last tooth . . . . .
„ - of muzzle at base of front bicuspid . . . .
. Height of orbit
Diameter of orbit . * ...........................................................
Length of lower jaw in line with alveolar margin . . .
M■ . le9oninus. , • a . M. leoninus.
S
M. nemestrinus.
Inohes. Inches. Inches.
3*13 4-00 1 505
4*48 5-30 6-50
3*45 3-50
3-20 4*05
2-28 3-22
2-47 3-20
2-45 3 2 2 3-25
1-35 1-60
203 2-50 315
1-90 205
3 0 0 4-00
1-36 1-95
1-20 1-55 21 0
•95 1;02 •90
m 1-30 1-20
2-95 3-80 4-60
* M a c a c u s r h é s u s , Audebert, var. Plate I I I .
Le macaque à queuecourte, Buffon, Hist. Nat. Suppl. vol. vii. 1789, p. 56, pl. sdii, j Latr. Hist.
Nat. de Buffon (Sonnini), vol. xxxv. 1809, p. 812, pl. xxxiv.
Le rhésus (Simia rhésus), Audebert, Hist. Nat. des Singes, 1797, Fam. ii. sect. i. pl. 1 ; Latr. Hist.
Nat. de Buffon (Sonnini), 1809, vol. xxxv. p. 314 ; Cuvier, La Ménagerie du Mus. d'Hist.
Nat. 1809, pl. 4; Règ. An. vol i. nouv. éd. 1817, p. 109.