evidently very closely allied to the latter, so much so that A. M.-Edwards is inclined
to consider it as only a local race of that species. But on comparing five skulls of
the two sexes of N: bubalina as determined by Hodgson with A. Milne-Edwards’
figure of the skull of N . edioardsii, I observe that all of these five crania agree in
having less vertical depth through the preorbital area than N. edmardm, whioh is
due to the downwardly arched character of the alveolar border of the latter,
especially at its middle, whereas in N. bubalina this border is nearly straight. The
edentulous portion of the maxilla and premaxilla appears also to be longer in
N. bubalina, but it is impossible to say whether the characters presented by the
typical skull of N. edwardsü are persistently present.
Blyth has compared skulls of goat-antelopes from Sumatra, Arracan, and Mer-
gui, but could not detect any distinguishing characters, and he found that they
differed little from N. bubalina of the Himalaya, except in being considerably
smaller.
The coat of this supposed example of N. cdmanlsii is much more profuse and
• - black than in any specimens of N. bubalina that have come under my observation,
but on pulling the hair aside they are seen to pale towards their base, having a
reddish-brown tint, whilst the remainder of each hair is intensely black. There is
also a woolly under-pile which I cannot detect in the skin of H. bubalina, but which
A. H.-Edwards also noticed in his example of N. edwardm. It may be that this
dense coat with its underlying pile is essentially seasonal and characteristic of
winter, but whether N. bubalina undergoes such periodical mutation of pelage
we do not know. Hodgson, however, remarks that in N. bubalina there is some
little variation independent of that caused by sex and age, and he states that in the
female the black of the upper parts is less full than in the male and sometimes
mixed with grey.
M. l’Abbé David’s1 antelope was from Tibet, The other nearly allied species,
N. swnatrensis, which is, the type of the genùs Næmorbedm, is found «.W™ in
Sumatra and the Malayan peninsula; N. rubida, Blyth, occurs,in the hilly region
of Arracan; N . mmmhoei, Gray, in the mountainous region,of Central Formosa, and
N. crispa, Gray, in Japan.
To the shoulder-bag or haversack of every Kakhyen, Shan, and Chinese
peasant of Western Yunnan a horn of the goat-antelope is generally an indispensable
adjunct. I t is suspended from it, and is in constant requisition by the mule-
drivers as a kind of drill for making holes in their mule gear.
1 Journ. d’Explor. dans l’Empire Chinois, par M. l’Abbé A. David, 1875, vol. ii, p. 332,
Genus Cervtjlus, Blainville.
* Cervttltjs muntjac, Zimm.
L e c h e v r u e il d e s I n d c s (Bengal), Buffon, Hist. Nat., Suppl. vol. vi. 1782, p. 198, pi. xxvi.
Rib-faced Beer, Pennant, Hist. Quad. 3rd ed. 179.8, vol, i. p. 119.
Kijang, Marsden, Hist. Sum. 1810. PI. xiv. n. 2, p. 117.
Cervus mv/ntjahj Zimm. Geogr. Gesch. vol. ii. 1780, p. 181 ; Bodd. Elench. Animal, vol. i. 1785,
p. 186; Ham. Smith. Griffith's edit. Cuv. Anim. Kingd. vol. v. 1827, p. 819.
Cervus muntjac, Gmelin, Linn. Syst. Nat. 1788, vol. i. p. 180; Horsfield, Zool. Res* Java; 1824 ;
Muller und Schl. Verhandl. 1889-44, p. 225 ; Wagner, Schreber, Saugeth. Suppl. PI. v. 1855,
p. 888; Sykes, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1881, p. 104; Ogilby, Boyle's HI. Him. Bot. 1889,
p . 7 2 .
Cervus vaginalis, Bodd. Elench. Aniin. 1785, p. 136.
Cervulus moschat/us, Blainville, Nouv. Bull. Soc. Phil. 1816, p. 77 ; Ham. Smith.’ Griffith's ed. Cuv.
Anim. Kingd. vol., v. 1827, p. 149; Horsfield, Cat. Mamm. E. Ind. Co.'s Mus. 1851, p. 190 ;
Gray, Knowsely Hall Menag. 1850, p. 65; Proc. Zool. She. Lond. 185,0, p. 234; Cat.
Mamm. B. M. pt. iii. 1852, p. 218; Cat. Bumin. Mamm. 1872, p. 98; Hand-List Edent.
and Bumin. Mamm. 1873, p. 163.
Cervus rabtoa, Hodgson, Asiatic Researches, vol. xviii. 1838, pt. ii. p. 139, fig. head; Proc. Zool. Soc.
1884, p. 9 9 ; Ogilby, Royle's 111. Him. Bot. 1889, p. lxxiii.; Schinz, Syn. Mamm. vol. ii.
1844, p. 549.
Cervulus muntjac, Zimm. Wagner, Schreber, Saugeth. 1886, pi. 254.
Cervus melas, Ogilby, Royle's 111. Him. Bot. 1889, p. lxxiii..
Stylocerus rutwa, Hodgson, As. Soc. Beng. vol. x. 1841, p. 914; Cal. Journ. N at. Hist. 1843, p. 292.
Muntjacus vaginalis, Gray, List Mamm. Brit. Mus. 1843,'p. 173; Cat. Mamm. and Nepal, Hodg.
' Coll. 1846, p. 81.
Cervus albipes, Schinz, Syn. Mamm. vol., ii. 1844, p. 549.
Prox rutva, Sundevall, Kongl. Vetens. Akad. Handl. 1844, Stock. 1846, p. 185, Nepal.
Prox albipes, Sundevall, ibid. p. 185, Malabar.
Prox stylocerus, Sundevall, ibid. p. 185, Nepal.
Cervus stylocerus, Schinz, Syn. Mamm. vol. ii. 1844, p. 549 ; Wagner, Schreber, Saugeth. 1855,
Suppl. vol. v. p. 888.
Stylocerus muntjacus, Kelaart, Prod. Faun. Zeyl. 1852, p. 85.
Cervulus vaginalis, Blyth, Cat. Mamm. As. Soc. Mus. 1868, p. 154; Swinhoe, Proc. Zool. 1869,
p. 652; ibid. 1870, p. 644.
Cervulus aureus, Jerdon, Mamm. o£ India, 1867, p. 264.
Cervulus curvostylis, Gray, Cat. Rumin. Mamm. Brit. Mus. 1872, p. 94; Hand-List Edent. and
Rumin. Mamm. 1878, p. 165 (Deformity).
Cervulus tamulicus, Gray, Cat. Rumin. Mamm. B. M. 1872, p. 94; Hand-List Edent. and Rumin.
Mamm. 1878, p. 165.
I obtained three skins of the adult and one of the young of this species, the
latter presenting no trace of spots. I t is not at all uncommon on the Kakhyen
hills, where its call was nightly heard around our camp at Ponsee, at 3,500 feet
above the sea. I t is very abundant in the hill ranges to the north of Teng-yue-
chow, and at certain seasons its flesh is largely brought to the market for food, and
its skin is held in high esteem as a leather, soft as the finest chamois.
I have compared these with Nepal specimens, with which they perfectly agree
externally as well as in their skulls.
t 2