The Rollewai, B ly th , Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xiii. 1844, p. 476,
Simia pileata, Shaw, Genl. Zool. vol. i. p t. i. 1800, p. 58.
Cercoeebus sinicus, Geoff. S t.-H il. Ann. du Mus. vol. xix. 1812, p. 98.
Pithecus sinicus, Desmarest, Nouv. Diet. d’Hist. N a t. vol. xvii. 1817, p. 824.
Cercopithecus sinicus, Kuhl. Beitr. zur Zool. 1820, p. 12.
Macacus sinicus, Desmarest, Mamm. 1820, p. 64 ; Diet, des Se. N a t. vol. xxvii. 1823, p. 465 ; F . Cuv.
H is t. N a t. des Mamm. May 1825, p l. xxxiv ; Lesson, Man. de Mamm. 1827, p. 4 2 ; Griffith,
An. Kingd. vol. v. (1827), p. 1 7 ; G. Cuv. Règ. An. nouv. éd. vol. i. (1829), p. 9 5 ; Fischer,
Syn. Mamm. 1829, p. 2 7 ; Is . Geoff. S t.-H il. Yoy. de Bélanger, Zool. 1884, p. 5 5 ; Waterhouse,
Cat. Mamm. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1888, 2nd ed. p. 7 ; Lesson, Sp. des Mammif. 1840, p. 89 ; Gray
Han d -list Mamm. 1848, p. 7 ; B ly th , Journ. As. Soc. vol. xiii. 1844, p. 4 7 6 ; Schinz, Syn.
Mamm. vol. i. 1844, p. 56 ; Templeton, An. and Mag. N a t. H is t. vol. xiv. 1844, p. 861 ;
Ke la art, Fauna Zeylanica, 1852, p. 8.
Inuus (Cercoeebus) sinicus, Wagner, Schreber, Saugeth. Suppl. vol. i. 1840, p. 189.
Macacus pileatus, B ly th , Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xvi. 1847, p. 1272; Is . Geoff. S t.-H il. Cat.
Method des Mammif. 1851, p. 27 ; Gervais, H is t. N a t. des Mammif. 1856, p. 89 ; E . Tennent,
H is t. Ceylon, vol. ‘i. 1860, p . 180 ; B ly th , Cat. Mamm. As. Soc. Mus. 1868, p. 9 ; Gray, Cat.
Monkeys and Lemurs, B. M. 1870, p. 29.
Inuus (Macacus) pileatus, Wagner, Schreber, Saugeth. Suppl. vol. v. (1855), p. 55.
Pithecus (Macacus) pileatus, Dahlbom, Stu d . Zool. Fam. Reg. A n. 1856, pp. 117 & 119.
AU the upper parts are rufous, but this colour passes into blackish on the hands,
feet, and ears, and into brown on the upper surface of the tail. The hairs are grey at
their base, as in M. sinicus, and are annulated as in that species, hut the difference of
colour that exists between the two is produced by the greater intensity and richer
colouring of the annuli of the individual hairs of M. pileatus. The under surfaces
generaUy are whitish. The forehead is sparsely covered with hair and wrinkled, and
the muzzle is narrow and prolongated, the colour of the nude parts being livid
fleshy, except along the lower lip, the margin of which is blackish. The hair on the
head is rather long, forming a radiated, and occasionaUy somewhat erect, tuft.
Inches.
L e n g th of th e body from th e muzzle to th e root of th e ta il . ' 18-00
| „ t a i l ...................................................................................... 14-75
This species is closely aUied to the Toque (M. sinicus), which it represents in
Ceylon, but the differentiation between the two forms has proceeded further than
between S. entellus and its insular representative, so much so that there is no
difficulty in recognising their individual peculiarities.
Inhabits Ceylon.
of the camphor forests of the mountains of that island. Its colour he characterised as grey with the under parts
pale and the eyes yellowish brown.
Mr. Blyth remarked of the foregoing skull that it was so young, the second true molars not having been developed,
as not to exhibit any special characteristic, and he observes of a living specimen o f the small Formosan monkey which
had been sent to him by Swinhoe that it was a half-grown female, and that it differed in no respect that he could
perceive from the common M. radiatus of the peninsula of India, except in being a shade or two darker with a nigrescent
wash on the face and ears.
Swinhoe, however, in 1863,1 observes, in writing of M. cyclopia: “ This, as far as I could learn, was the only
species of monkey in the Island of Formosa,” so that it is probable he had discovered that the monkey resembling M.
radiatus had been taken thither in the course of commerce.
1 Proc. Zool. Soc. 1863, p. 4.
M a c a c u s s i l e n u s , Linn.
ISOuanderou, Buffon, Hist. Nat. vol. xiv. 1766, pp. 169, 174, plate xviii. ; Audebert, Hist.
Nat. des Singes, 1797, Fam. ii. sect.i. pi. iii.; Latr. Hist. Nat. de Buffon (Sonnini éd.) 1809,
p. 278, pi. xxiii.
The Lion-tailed Monkey (a), Pennant, Syn. Mamm. 1771, p. 109, pi. 120, fig. 1 ; Hist. Quad. vol. i,
1798, p. 198, pi. xliv.
The Lion-tailed Baboon, Shaw, Geni. Zool. i. pi. i. 1800, p. 83.
Simia silenus, Linn. Syst. Nat. 12 ed. vol. i. 1766, p. 85; Schreber, Saugeth. vol. i. 1775, p. 87,
tab. xi. ; Gmelin, Linn. Syst. Nat. 18 ed. 1788, p. 31.
Simia veter, Gmelin, Linn. Syst. Nat. vol. i. 13 ed. 1788, p. 80.
Cercopithecus silenus, Erxleben, Syst. Reg. An. 1777 (in part), p. 26 ; Zimm. Geograph. Gesch.
vol. ii. 1870, p. 184 ; Latr. Hist. Nat. de Buffon (éd. Sonnini), 1809, vol. xxxvi. p. 288.
Cercopithecus veter, Erxleben, Syst. Reg. An. 1777, p. 24; Boddaert, Elench. An. 1785, p. 58.
Cercopithecus vetulus, Erxleben, Syst. Reg. An. 1777, p. 25 ; Boddaert, Elench An. 1785, p. 57.
Simia ferox, Shaw, Geni. Zool. vol. i. pt. i, (1800), p. 80, pi. xvi.
Papio silenus, Geoff. St.-Hil. Ann. du Mus. vol. xix. 1812, p. 102 ; Kuhl. Beitr. zur Zool. 1820, p. 18.
Pithecus silenus, Desmarest, Nouv. D’Hist. Nat. vol. xviii. (1817), p. 821.
Macacus silenus, Desmarest, Mamm. 1820, p. 68; F. Cuv. Hist. Nat. des Mammif. Jan. 1822,
pi. xliv. ; Desmarest, Diet, des Sc. Nat. vol. xxvii. (1823), p. 472 ; Lesson, Man. de Mamm,
1827, p. 41; Griffith, An. Kingd. vol. v. 1827, p. 16; G. Cuv. Règ. An. nouv. éd. vol. i.
(1829), p. 95 ; Fischer, Syn. Mamm. 1829, p. 28 ; E. T. Bennett, Garden, Menag. Zool. Soc.
Del. vol. i. 1831, p. 21 ; Is. Geoff. St.-Hil. Zool. Yoy. de Bélanger, 1834, p. 58 ; F. Cuv. Hist.
Nat. des Mammif. Août 1837-, pi. xliii.; Waterhouse, Cat. M amm. Mus. Zool. Soc. Lond.
1888, 2nd ed. p. 7 ; Lesson, Sp. des Mammif. 1840, p. 98 ; Blyth, Joum. As. Soc. Beng.
vol. xiii. 1844, p. 476; Blyth, Joum.'As. Soc. Beng. vol. xvi. 1847, p. 1272 ; Ibid, vol. xxviii.
1859, p. 288 ; Schinz, Syn. Mamm. 1840, vol. ii. p. 57 ; Is. Geoff. St.-Hil. Cat. Méth. des
Mammif. 1851, p. 80; Gervais, Hist. Nat. des Mammif. 1854, p. 89 (figure of animal and head).
Inuus (Maimon) silenus, Wagner, Schreber, Saugeth. vol. i, 1840, p. 141, pl. viii. C. and xi. B.;
Blyth, Joum. As. Soc. Beng. vol. x v i 1847, p. 731.
Silenus veter, Gray, Hand-list Mamm. B. M. 1843, p. 8 ; Horsfield, Cat. Mam. E. Ind. Co. Mus.
1851, p. 22 ; Cat. Monkeys and Lemurs, B. M. 1870, p. 82.
Pithecus (Macacus) silenus, Dahlbom, Ind. Zool. Fam. Reg. An. 1856, pp. 116,119.
Inuus silenus, Blyth, Cat. Mamm. As. Soc. Mus. 1868, p. 7 ; Jerd. Mamm. of Ind. 1867, p. 10.
General colour of the body, limbs, and tail, deep black ; thè hair on the top
of the head is very short, and the face is encircled with long hairs in front of the
ears, continued downwards round the throat and of a greyish dun colour; the
end of the tail is tufted and tipped with greyish or white, which is the colour that
occurs on the chest, all the rest of the under parts being deep black in the adult.
The face and the skin of the hands are black, but the callosities have a fleshy
tinge.
Ft. In.
Length- of the body from the muzzle to the root of the tail . 2 0
„ „ t a i l ..................................................................... 0 10
I t inhabits the Western Ghâts from below Goa to Comorin, but there is no
authentic record of its existence in a wild state in Ceylon.
The structure of this animal is essentially that of the ordinary Macaques,
although it differs from them so much in external physiognomy.