along the wall of the large intestines for a short distance, diverging as they pass
downwards. These folds doubtless act in unison with the foregoing valve, and
regulate the passage of the alimentary substances into the csecum. Between
these spiral folds a few large and solitary dark-brown glandular bodies are
scattered, and the apex of one is occupied by a puckering of the mucous
membrane.
The pancreas is a long, almost filiform structure, nearly 2-50 inches in
length.
The left segment of the liver in B. pruinosus consists of two lobes; the left
lateral lobe is the largest and nearly twice the dimensions of the left central lobe
which it underlies, its right margin underlapping the right central lobe of the right
segment and abutting against the gall-bladder. I t has a large auricular appendage.
The left lateral fissure is very deep, nearly cutting through the organ. The left
central lobe covers only one-half of the underlying lobe. The umbilical fissure is
deep on the under surface of the organ. A cystic fissure is slightly indicated on the
right central lobe, and the gall-bladder is small. The right lateral fissure is extremely
deep, almost cutting off the right lobe of the right segment from its fellow.
The right lateral lobe is cut by a fissure, which runs as a deep groove along its under
surface. The Spigelian and caudate lobes are well defined.
The liver also of B. badms differs from that of B. pruinosus. The umbilical
fissure is rather shallow, and the left lateral does not completely underlap the left
central lobe. The gall-bladder is larger and lies at the base, but to the right of the
umbilical fissure. The Spigelian lobe has a long auricular process, and the caudate
lobe gives off a small secondary lobe.
The heart of B. pruinosus is a rather elongated oval, with the left at a much
lower level than the right auricle, both of these cavities being rather small; whereas
in B. badius the heart is more oblong than oval, the apex being broad and partially
bifid.
The left lung is simple, but the right lung is deeply divided into four lobes.
The bronchial tube does not divide until it reaches the lung, and the bronchial
cartilages are either simple or bifurcated plates, not meeting in the middle line
posteriorly which is occupied by membrane.
The vagina is one and a half inches in length, and its wall is smooth; and the
two horns of the uterus open into its fundus by separate os tmc<e without the inters
vention of any common uterine cavity, so that in this respect Bhizomys conforms
to the uterine structure of the Sciuridce and Leporidce, and not to that of the
Mu/nda. The right horn in two examples—one of B. pruinosus and the other
of B. badius—contained three embryos in the case of the former, and two in
the case of the latter. Two large rounded superficial glands lie on each side of
the vaginal orifice, and open at its lips, these orifices being marked by a long
pencil of hairs.
In the male, the interval between the preputial orifice of the retracted penis
and the anus is 0’70 inch, and the testicles show on each side of this interval as
globular, nearly nude elevations, while the area around them is sparsely clad with
long hairs. The. equivalents of the vaginal glands lie on each side of the penis, and
pour their buttery secretion into the bottom of the preputial fold, on the dorsal
aspect of the penis. The glans penis is very minutely rugose, the rugosities tending
to become spinous, as in some Mwridce, and it is coloured with a brown pigment.
I t is also supported by an ossicle 0A0 in length and which is much expanded at its
base, and in form it has a great resemblance to a short metatarsal bone. The shaft
is slender, but its upper border is concave from end to end. The vesicular glands are
very large, and the Cowperian glands are compact and conical and opening into
the bulbous portion of the urethra. The prostatic are small compared with the
vesicular glands, and consist of flattened lobes. The uterus mascularis is about
0T0 of an inch in extent, and its orifice is situated in the centre of a small
rounded papilla, on each side of, which open the spermatic tubes.
With regard to external characters, there is a narrow nude area surrounding
the eyes which are very small and buried in the fur and placed rather high on the
head. The ears are simple, of moderate. size and rounded; nude on their outer
surface, with the exception of a dozen or so short or bristly hairs on their anterior
margin, and their backs are very sparsely clad. They are of a pale flesh colour.
The space between the superior incisors and. the tip of the nose is perfectly nude, the
sldn being rosy flesh-coloured. A fold or furrow runs up from the outer margin of
each incisor, the two converging in the middle, half-way between the incisors and
the upper bare margin of the nose. Prom this convergence, a straight line passes
upwards across the centre of the nose, to the, lip; but it gives off an upwardly and
outwardly directed groove which passes to the inner margin of each nostril, and
above this it is cut by a transverse furrow which connects the upper border of each
nostril. The nostrils are rather small, and are directed upwards and outwards. The
hair on the chin, and external to the nude nasal region is short and thick. The
fore and hind limbs, are well clad to the wrist and ankle, but beyond that the hairs
are short and very sparse on the back of the feet and digits. The first finger is
reduced to a tubercle, but is furnished with a claw. The first toe is moderately well
developed, and has a claw like the other toes, the claws being longest on the hind
feet. The digits generally are short and stout, and the inter-digital membrane
extends to the extremity of the first phalanx. There is a small pad at the base of
the 1st and 5th digits, and two smaller pads common to the other three. The
pad at the base of the external toe is larger than the others. A very prominent
globular cushion occupies the base of the wrist, and a pair of small tubercular
cushions occur on the sole, side by side, immediately behind the digital pads. The
tail*is' perfectly nude and there are no scales. I t is thick at its root, and dusky-
fleshy in life. The under surface is markedly more imperfectly clad in the female
than in the male, especially in the inguinal region and in the neighbourhood of
the pectoral mammae. There are five pairs of teats, three inguinal and two pectoral;
but the anterior pair do not seem to be much used. In the male all the under
parts are well clad. The colouring of the teeth is always most brilliant in the
b.2