ashy grey, passing into black on the extremity of the tail, which is tufted. The
fingers are dark, almost blackish, and the distal half of the foot is almost wholly
black, especially the to e s: the whole of these parts, with the exception of the
hands and feet, although ashy grey, has a slight ferruginous tinge in the fully
mature animal: the remainder of the limbs is more or less ferruginous or yellowish
grey, palest on the lower portion of the hind limb. The throat and the whole
of the chest and upper part of the belly rich orange or golden-yellow, paling to
yellowish on the rest of the under parts and on the inside of the limbs. Tail about
one-third longer than the body.
The skull of S. pileatm is considerably smaller than that of S. entellus, but
is about the same size as the skull of S. pria/mus. Unlike the Indian Semnotes,
it has the supraorbital ridges only moderately developed and the lambdoidal
ridge but feebly prominent. The brain-case is more globular than in the other
species owing to the absence of the last-mentioned character. The facial portion
slopes considerably forwards, as in S. schistaceus, and, like that species, the nasal bones
are straight, but flattened, so that they project but little anterior to the orbits.
The face has thus a much-flattened aspect in life. The muzzle is moderately long
and broad. The teeth are about the same size as in S. priamus; and, as in"
Sermopitheci generally, the teeth of the female are considerably smaller than those
of the male, and the palate in th a t sex is somewhat shorter than in the male.
In the latter it is moderately deep with the alveolar borders slightly posteriorly
convergent. The posterior palatine foramen is compressed.
In a male that had been kept in confinement from, youth to maturity the
maxillary series of teeth occupies a space measuring .1*50, whereas in a ferine male
the teeth are somewhat smaller, occupying an area of only 1*30 inch, the palate
being deeper and shorter than in the former individual. Although the ferine male
is older than the domesticated individual, its supraorbital ridges are less developed.
The breadth across the fronto-malar suture equals the distance between the anterior
border of the foramen magnum to the outer margin of the premaxillary foramen,
and the greatest zygomatic breadth falls short of that interval half the length of
the premaxillary foramen.
This is a common monkey in Northern Assam, from whence it ranges
south to Tippera, and through Arracan and Upper Burma to Tenasserim. The
type of S. potenziani came from Tenasserim, but Blyth’s S. pileatm was a halfgrown
specimen in the Barrackpore menagerie near Calcutta, and alleged to be
of Malayan origin. . I t is now, however, well ascertained th a t this monkey is
not at all uncommon in Tippera and Assam, and I am therefore disposed to
think that the locality originally assigned to S. pileatm was erroneous, and that
the animal came either from Tippera or Assam. In this respect it would be
analogous to the case of M. speciosus (arctoitfes) also described from a Barrackpore
specimen said to have been brought from Japan, but probably procured in
the same region as S. pileatm. I observed a troop of this species a t Tsingu Myo
on the left bank of the Irawady at the entrance or lower end of the first
defile. The young are much paler than the adults, and are a soft delicate grey, the
areas which are ferruginous or orange-yellow in the mature animal being albescent
or only slightly fulvous. The fur is soft, silky, and rather long ; and the tail is
tufted, and in the young is. almost grey.
A specimen which I had alive for some time, and which was caught in Northern
Assam, was, like young Senmopitheci generally, of a mild disposition. This, however,
is not the character of these animals in the adult state, for their tempers
become unreliable, and the males when irritated are very fierce and determined in
attack.
This species in the general distribution of its colouring and in the strong
projecting supraorbital ridge of hairs more closely resembles S. entellus and its
near allies than any of the other Senmopitheci.
Having had the opportunity to examine nearly all the types of the different
species of Semnopithecus, I subjoin the results of my observations.
S e m n o p i t h e c u s e n t e l l u s , Dufresne.
L’enteile, Audebert, Hist. Nat. des Singes, 1797, Fam. iv. sec. ii. fig. 2; Latr.Hist.Nat. de
Buffon (Sonnini) vol. xxxvi. (1809), p. 85, pi. lvi.
Simia entellm, Dufresne, Bull. Soc. Philom. vol. i. 1797, p. 49 ; Mag. Encyclop. vol. iv. 1797 ;
F. Cuv. Diet, des Sc. Nat. vol. xx. 1821, p. .88.
Cercopithecus entellus, Latr. Hist. Nat. de Buffon, vol. xxxvi. (Sonnini ed.) 1809, p. 288; Nouv.
Diet. d'Hist. Nat. vol. xv. 1817, p. 581; Kuhl. Beitr. zu Zool. 1820, p. 12.; Desmarest,
Mamm. 1820, p. 59. •
Semnopithecus entellus, Desmoulins, Diet. Class d'Hist. Nat. vol. vii. (1825), p. 568; Lesson,
Man. de M am m . 1827, p. 40 ; Griffith, An. King. vol. v. 1827, p. 10; Cuv. Règ. An. nouv.
éd. vol. i. 1829, p. 94 ; Fiöcher, Syn. Mamm. 1829, p. 14 ; E. T. Bennett, Garden and Monog.
Zool. Soc. vol. i. 1831, p. 81 ; Sykes, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1831, p. 199 ; Owen, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1833,
p. 75 ; Is. Geoff. St.-Hil. Zool. Voy. de Bélanger, 1834,, p. 38 ; Waterhouse, Cat. Mamm.
Mus. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1888 (second ed.), p. 4; Martin, Charlèswôrth's Mag. Nat. Hist, new
ser. vol. ii. 1888, p. 435; Elliot, Madr. Joum. Lit. and Sc. vol. x. 1889, p. 95 ; Nat.
Hist. Monkeys, 1841, p. 461; Wagner, Schreber, Säugeth. Suppl. vol. i. 1840, p. . 99,
pl. xxiii. B ; Suppl. vol. v. 1855, p. 82 ; Lesson, Sp. des Mammif. 1840, p. 56 ; Martin, Nat.
Hist. Quadr. 1841, p. 461 (plate) ; Blyth, Joum. As. Soc. vol. xii. 1848, pp. 169, 172 ;
vol. xiii. 1844, pp. 470, 476; Müller und Schlegel, Verhandl. 1889, pp. 44, 59; Schinz,
Syn. Mamm. vol. i. 1840, p. 42; Is. Geoff. St.-Hil. Cat. Méthod. des Mammif. 1851, p. 18 ;
Arch, du Mus. vol. v. 1852, pp. 537, 588 ; Horsf. Cat. Mamm. E. Ind. Co. Mus. 1851, p. 4 ;
Gervais, Hist. Nat. des Mammif. 1854, p. 60; Dahlbom, Stud.. Zool. Fam. Reg. An. 1856,
pp. 87, 89 ; Beyrich, Abhandl. der Berl. Akad. der Wiss. 1860, p. 7 ; Roy. Lankester
Quart. Joum. Sc. 1865, p. 562 ; Hutton, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867, p. 944 ; Gray, Cat.
Monkeys and Lemurs, B. M. 1870, p. 14, var. 1; A. M.-Edwards, Arch, des Mammif.
1868-74, p. 242.
Preshytis entellus, Gray, Hand-list, B. M. 1848, p. 4 (in part) ; Blyth, Joum. As. Soc. vol.
xvi. (1847), p. 782 ; Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. vol. xx. (1851), p. 813 ; Cat. Mamm. Mus.
As. Soc. Bengal, 1868, p. 11 ; Jerdon, Mamm. Ind. 1867, p. 4.
Semnopithecus albogularis, Müller und Schlegel, Verhandl. 1839-44, p. 58.