fact that Macaques aré found in the Himalaya'associated with temples at elevations
a t which snow annually falls.
This example of 31. pelops, which is of much more reoent origin than the type, ■
having been presented to the Museum thirteen years after it, stands in the British
Museum Catalogue as 58. 6. 2 4 67. I t is a deep, rich-brown monkey, without any
trace of annulation on the hair. I t is an adolesoent male measuring 23'8 inohes
from the tip of the.muzzle to the root of the tail along the curve of thé head and
along the back, whilevthe tail is 9-8 inches ; but as it is simply a skin without the
vértebral column, these measurements in all likelihood do Dot give an accurate
idea of the proportion of the tail to the body. The under surface of the body
and the inside of the limbs are white, but the thoracio and abdominal regions are
washed with golden-yellow. The general direction of the hair on the head is
baokwards and outwards, exhibiting a distinct tendency to radiation. The hairs
behind the ears and extending down the baok part of the side of the face are paler
than the rest of the upper parts. The fur, as in my young Kakhyen monkey and
in M. rheso-similis, is short and thick, and clothes the skin up to the sides of the
callosities.
The characters which I have enumerated clearly prove it to be identical with the
M. rheso-similis, which was procured from a Calcutta dealer, and with the young
Kakhyen male, which I have no hesitation in regarding as the young of the Irawady
female.
The type of M. pelops, Hodgson, the sex of which has not been recorded,
is described as having the same structure and aspeot as M. oinops, but the
colours are stated to be more sordid and purpurescent, the slaty grey of the anterior
quarters being partially merged in rusty, which is one of the marked features of
M. asmmensis as compared with M. rhesus. The posterior quarters, however, the
description continues, are deep rusty and the anterior quarters are nearly slaty grey,
but the now much-faded type shows a rufous tinge on the shoulder, as in M. assam-
ensis. The buttocks are described as being partially dad, except the callosities,
whereas, on the other hand, M. oinops {=M . rhesus) is described as having them
nude. After a careful consideration of the available materials, namely, the
original descriptions of the two supposed speoies and of the salient characters
of the specimens on which they were based,—it seems to me th a t the mass
of evidence points in the direction of the identity of M. pelops with M. assam-
ensis.
The skulls of the types of M. pelops have not been removed from their skins, and
no crania exist of these Nepal monkeys in the British Museum other than these.
Hodgson’s figure represents a brown, dusky-faced, rump-clad animal, but the details
have not been carefully worked out in the drawing. All the information I have
collected in Sikhim and obtained regarding the fauna of Nepal has not coincided
with Hodgson’s generalisation th a t any one speoies of Macaque is confined exolu-
sively to the northern region of mountains.
There is still another monkey from the Himalayas (Dalamcote, Bhutan), which,
although not quite so rufous as M. rheso-similis and the youngish monkey referred
by Hodgson to M. pelops, seems to me to differ from M. rhesus in the same direction
that these do, and to be an immature female of M. assamensis. I refer to the M.
problematicus, Gray. This opinion has been first expressed by Dr. Sclater.1 I t is
a dark-brown monkey, all the upper parts being of a nearly uniform tint. The individual
hairs pale into reddish yellow towards their extremities, which are tipped with
dark brown, but not truly annulated, their lighter-coloured subterminal areas producing
a very faintly speckled appearance, giving it at the same time a warm rufous
tint. The hair on the inside of the limbs and on the ventral aspect is a somewhat
sullied white, without the golden tinge of the previous specimens, than which,
however, it is older, and, unlike them, belongs to the female sex. The hair behind
and below the ears is not much longer than tha t of the neighbouring parts, but
paler, and without any rufous tinge. The hair on the vertex radiates from a point, that
on the forehead being directed forwards and on the sides of the head outwards and
backwards. There are long black hairs on the internal angle of the frontal and
eyebrows, and on the moustache and beard. The feet, especially those of the hind
extremities, are dusky. The hair, as in the female of M. assamensis from the Irawady,
approaches close to the sides of the callosities, and, as in that specimen, the bare area
is confined to a restricted region immediately around and below the vaginal orifice.
In the stuffed specimen now in the British Museum (69.3. 5.15) the body measures
22 inches and the tail 11 inches. With regard to the proportion of the tail to the
body, it is self-evident that the measurements of dried skins do not give any
correct idea of the relative proportions of these parts in life, and moreover the
examination of a large series of specimens of M. rhesus conclusively proves that the
length of the tail in that species is the subject of variation.
The skull of M. problematicus, Gray, belongs to one of those unsatisfactory
instances of an animal that had lived the greater part of its life in confinement.
I t is immature, as the last molar is only just appearing. The basi-cranial axis is
somewhat thrown forwards, so th a t the posterior nares are very narrow both vertically
and transversely. The pterygoid fossae are shallow and rather more laterally
compressed than in M. rhesus. The skull of M. rheso-similis, Sclater, belongs to the
same unreliable category as the former and is very young; the occipital and
sphenoid being intact, and the first bicuspid and second molar only just issuing
through the jaw. Unlike the skull of M'problematicus, it belongs to a male, and
is somewhat larger than the generality of examples of the same sex in M. rhesus,
than which it is also rather more elongated and narrower; in these characters and
in that of its basi-cranial surface it resembles M. problematicus.
Some years ago I drew attention to a monkey from the Bengal Sunderbunds
which seemed to be distinct from M. rhesus. After a careful comparison of it with
the type of M. assamensis in conjunction with the foregoing monkeys, it appears
i Froc. Zool. Soc., 1868, p. 666.