is wholly black, with the exception of a white streak over the eyes and the cheeks,
which are ashy grey; but in another example in the Paris Museum, also regarded
as a type, the ashy grey of the cheeks is absent, and the supraorbital pale line is
reduced to a mere trace.
In this species, as in JET. lar, the index and middle toes of the hind feet are
occasionally united by a web.
Inhabits Sumatra.
H y l o b a t e s ( S i a m a n g a ) s y n d a c t y l u s , Raffles.
Simia Gibbon, C. Miller, Phil. Trans, vol. adv. (abridged ed.) 1778,p. 818.
Pithecus syndactylus, Desmarest, Mamm. 1820, p. 581 ; Lesson, Man. de Mamm. 1827, p. 80.
Hylobates syndactylus, F. Cuv. Hist. Nat. des Mammif. var. 1821, pi. iv. ; Diet, des Sc. Nat.
vol. xxxvi. 1825, p. 287 ; Griffith, An. King. vol. v. (1827) p. 6; Boxy de St. Vincent, Diet.
Class. d’Hist. Nat. vol. xii. 1827, p. 288 ; G. Cuv. Reg. An. nouv. éd. vol. i. 1829, p. 90 ; Is.
Geoff. St.-Hil. Voy. aux Indes Orient. Belanger, 1884, Zool. p. 80 ; Cat. Méthod. des Mamm.
1851, p. 9 ; G. Bennett, Wanderings in New South Wales, 1834, vol. ii. p. 151 ; Müller,
Tijdschv! voor Natuur. Gesch. en Phys. vol. ii. 1885, p. 824; Schlegel, Essai sur la Phys. des
Serpens, Pt. Gén. 1887, p. 286; Waterhouse, Cat. Mus. Zool. Soc. Lond.1838, p. 4; Wagner,
Schreber, Säugeth. Suppl. vol. i. 1840, p. 69, Suppl. vol. v. 1855, p. 15; Lesson, Sp. des
Mammif. 1840, p. 50; Is. Geoff. St.-Hil. Arch, du Mus. vol. ii. 1841, p. 585; Comptes-
Rendus, vol. xv 1842, p. 717 ; Martin, Hist, of Quadr. (Monkeys) 1841, p. 420 (plate) ;
S.Müller (und Schlegel), Verhandel. over de Zool. 1889-44, p. 15 ;. Sandifort, Müller und Schlegel,
Verhandl. 1839-44, pp. 31, 33, pl. ii. figs. 8-5 (brain) pl. vii. figs. 1-3 (larynx & sac) ; Blyth,
Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xiii. 1844, pp. 468, 474; vol. xliv. ex. no. 187 5,- p. 8; Schinz, Syn.
Mamm. vol.i. 1844, p. 28; Gervais, Hist. Nat. des Mammif. 1854,p. 51, figure; Flower,Nat.
Hist. Review, 1868, p. 279 (plate); Giebel, Zeitsch. ges. Ntrwiss. 1866, p. 186.
Simia syndactylus, Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. vol. xiii. 1822, p. 241 ; Horsfield, Zool. Res. in Java, 1824,
plate; Fischer, Syn. Mamm. 1829, p. 11; Heifer, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. vn. 1838, p. 858.
Siamanga syndactyla, Gray, Cat. Mamm. B. M. 1843, p. 1 ; Cat. Monkeys and Lemurs, B. M. 1870,
p. 9 ; Horsfield, Cat. Mamm. E. Ind. Co. Mus. 1851, p. 1; Dahlbom, Stud. Zool. Fam. Reg.
An. 1856, p. 71.
Body more robust than in Hylobates hoolock: pelage deep, woolly, black, with
no pale superçilium, nor white around the face. A bare area on the throat corresponding
to the position of a large dilatable laryngeal sac. The index and middle
toes of the foot united to the last phalange.
Inhabits the Island of Sumatra; the Malayan peninsula ( Wallace) ; Tenasserim
{Heifer): _ _ ,
The skull of H. syndactylus is. distinguished from the skull of the other Hylo-
bates by the greater forward projection of its supraorbital ridges and. by its much
. deeper face. I t is also 'th e largest skull oi the genus. .The occipital, region
appears to be more abruptlv truncated than in the other species, but the brain canty
does' not seem to be relatively broader than in the shorter and smaller skulls of
JT. hoolock and 3 . lar. The skulls of all Hylobates are more or less depressed, but
, the truncation of the central portion is more distinctive of 3 . syndactylus than
of the other species.
{Doubtful species.)
H y l o b a t e s e u s o u s , Winslow Lewis.
Hylobates fuscus, Winslow Lewis, Boston Journal, Nat. Hist. vol. i. P t . i , May 1884, p. 82;
pis. i. and ii. (skeleton and skull).
General colour, dirty brown. Face and hands black.
Such is the brief description of this animal, a male and female of which were
purchased in Calcutta from the menagerie of a Rajah, who stated that he had
obtained them from the vicinity of the Himalaya.
The animal from which the above description was taken was an adult female
with mature dentition.
The upper canines were enormously projecting, extending nearly to the mental
foramina when the jaws were closed ; the inferior canines projecting upwards as
far as the alveolar processes of the upper jaw.
The vertebral formula was C. 7 : D. 13 : L. 5 : S. 3 : C. 1 := 2 9 .
The sternum had three pieces and there were six false ribs.
From the locality assigned to this species, we would have looked for the
characters of H. hòolock, but among the very many examples of the latter species
which have passed under my notice, I have never met with any in which the
characteristic white supercilium was absent.
On the other hand, the description of H. fuscus suggests that it may be a
brownish example of the wholly black Gibbon from Borneo, which was described by
Dr. Harlan as H. concolor, but from a hermaphrodite individual, and which
appears to have been a very different animal from the H. concolor, Miiller, which
was afterwards named H. mülleri by Martin.
I attach no importance whatever to the locality assigned to this Gibbon,
because my experience of Rajahs’ menageries in Calcutta has taught me that the
owners have no means of ascertaining with any degree of accuracy the localities
from whence their specimens are obtained.
H y l o b a t e s c o n c o l o r , Harlan.
Simia concolor, Harlan, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. 1827, vol. v. pi. ii; p. 229.
Hylobates concolor, Schlegel, Essai sur la Physion. des Serpens, Pt. Gèni. 1887, p. 287 ; Wagner,
Schreber, Säugeth. Suppl. vol. i. 1840, p. 79 ; vol. v. 1855, p. 17 (in, part) ; Blyth. Journ. As. Soc!
Bengal, vol. x. 1841, p. 838; Fry, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1846, p. 15; Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.
vol. xvii. 1846, p. 487.,
Hylobates harlani, Lesson, Bull, des Sc. Nat. (Terrusac) vol. xiii. 1827, p. 111.
This Gibbon was a hermaphrodite from the Island of Borneo, described as
having the fur full, crisp, and universally black. Considering the abnormal construction
of this animal, it must be left to future research to determine whether or
not such a species exists in Borneo distinct from H. mülleri, Martin.