Greatest breadth between alveolar surface (external margin) between 2nd
Breadth (external) half-way between posterior incisor and canine
Length of alveolar border . _ . . • • •
Breadth behind origin o f zygomatic arch (inferior aspect of skull)
Distance between tympanic bull» (anterior extremity) . . . .
„ „ „ „ (posterior extremity) . . . .
Depth o f skulls, premaxillary surface to anterior ends of nasals
„ „ palatine „ posterior „ » • •
„ through posterior margin of p a l a t e ..................................................
n „ highest point of parietal ...........................................................
„ at middle of occipital crest to inferior margin of foramen magnum
Anterior extremity o f symphysis of lower jaw to extremity of angular proce
„ „ „ „ condyle
’ ■ „ „ „ coronoid process .
Length of alveolar s u r f a c e ...........................................................
Depth through coronoid p r o c e s s .....................................................................
g from base of corono-condyloid n o t c h .................................................
Lachrymal notch to tip o f premaxillaries...........................................................
Inches. Inches.
•56 •56
•21 •21
•88 •88
*64
•70
•46 •46
•12 •16
■24 •24
*45 *45
•52 •52
•43 •45
1-16 1*18
1-17 1-18
1 1 7 1-18
•71 s -71
•43 ‘4 4
•25 •25
•67 *68
The skull is considerably smaller than the skull of T. belmgen, to which the
species is most nearly allied. The frontals are slightly more arched from side to
side than in that species and the teeth are considerably smaller, so much so
that this character of itself is sufficient to separate it from Tupaia belmgeri. In this
character, and in its smaller size, it approaches T. ellioti and T. javanica, but
by the form of its skull it is easily distinguished from these two species. The
canine is not much larger than the 1 st premolar, and is smaller than the last
incisor. The posterior internal cusp of the 1st molar, which is large in T. belangeri,
is very sTna.11 in ibis species. The middle two of the four external cusps are all
but blended into one, so much so that only the faintest indication of a second
cusp is perceptible, which is indicated by a slight depression, and this entirely
disappears with age. In T. belmgeri this additional external process is moderately
developed.
I procured the species first at an elevation of 8,185 feet above the sea on the
~K~a.Vhyp.Ti hills, twenty miles to the east of the valley of the Irawady, and again, at
2,400 feet, eighty miles to the eastward of that range. When I first observed the
a n im a l it was on a grassy clearing close to patches of fruit, and was so comporting
itself that in the distance I mistook it for a squirrel. The next time I noticed
it was in hedge-rows.
T u p a i a f e k r u g i n e a , Baffles, P l a t e VII, fig s . 4 a n d 5 , s k u l l.
Sorex-glis, Diard and Duvaueel, Asiatic Researches, vol. xiv. 1822, pp. 471, 475, pi. is .
Glisorex, Desmarest, Mammologie, 1820-22, pp. 586, 826.
? Le Press, 3?. Cuv. Mammif. 1822, vol. ii. pi. xxxvi. (juv.),
Cladobates, F. Cuv. Dents des Mammif. 1820-25, p. 60.
Rylogale, Temminck, Monog. des Mamm. (Tab. Method.) 1827, voL i, p. six.
Eerpestes, Cal. Journ. Nat. Hist. vol. ii. 1842, p. 458, pi. xiii£, fig. 1.
Glisosorex, Giebel, Odont. (1855), p. 18, pi. y. fig. 6,
Tupaia ferruginea, Raffles, Linn. Trans, vol. xiii. 1822, p. 256; Horsfield, Researches in Java (in
part), 1824, figs. C. M. & N.j Fischer, Syn. Mamm. 1829, p. 260 (in part); Reichenbaeh,
Naturg. Raubth. 1834-36, p. 820, fig. 449; Cantor, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, vol. xv. 1846,
pp. 188, 189; Blyth. Cat. Mamm. Mus., As. Soc. Beng.. 1863, p. 81 (in part).
Cladobates ferrugineus, Raffles, Giebel, Odont. 1855, p. 18, pl.v. fig. 18 a. b., et Sirageth. 1859,
p. 914; Wagner, Schreber, Saugeth. Supp. vol. v. 1855, p. 526, pi. xxxiv.; Fitzinger, Sitzgsbr!
der k. Akad. der Wien, vol. Ix. 1870, pp. 273, 276.
Rather rich dark ferruginous above, yellowish below, with a wash of pale ferruginous.
Tail not concolorous with the body, but greyish. Shoulder streak more
or less rufous. Pur rather short, 0‘62 inch in length, the basal portion 0*20 inch,
blackish, succeeded by an orange-red, a black, and an orange-red and black band,
the last being terminal. The longest hairs do not exceed 0*70 in length; they are
banded the same as the other hairs, but the black terminal band is broad. The tail
hairs average 0*80, and are banded, either very pale grey, black, grey and black, or
black, grey-black, grey and black. The short adpressed hairs on the under surface
are marked in the same way.
The snout is longer than in T. belangeri, and the species is larger.1
The young are even more brightly ferruginous than the adults,, and have the tail
nearly as dark as the body.
The teeth are larger than in T. belamgeri, broader, more elongated, and pointed.
The 2nd upper premolar has a distinct process on its anterior margin near the base,
as in T. ellioti, and a longer pointed infernal process. The internal lobe of the 3rd
premolar has a well-marked, second, shaip-pointedfang, like, but much smaller than,
the lobe itself, at the base of its posterior margin. This process in T. belangeri is
indicated merely by an eminence on the posterior margin of the internal lobe. In
the lower jaw the canine is not so erect as in T. belamgeri, being directed more forwards,
and the anterior and posterior lobes of the 3rd premolar are more strongly
developed than in that species.
The more elongated character of the snout is seen in the skull, the facial
portion of which is more pointed and longer than in T. belamgeri, and is hardly
perceptibly arched downwards towards the tip. The nasals, too, are slightly broader,
and the skull is considerably longer; the pre-orbital foramen is not so far removed
from the eye, and the malar perforation is larger than in T. belamgeri. On a line
with the posterior region of the palate and at the posterior angle of the zygomatic
arch T. ferruginea is not so broad w T. belmgeri; the orbito-parietal ridge is
but slightly .or, not at all developed, in five skulls of this species before me; four,
however, have not yet gained their permanent , dentition, although but little below
the size of the adult.
Measurements of skull: Inches.
Posterior mesial line o f paxietals to tip o f p r em a x illa r ie s .................................................... 1-90
Greatest breadth across zygomatic arch . . . . . . . . . . . -95
„ ,, „ parietals ......................................................................... '77
1 As the specimens before me are all prepared and mounted, I hesitate to give any measurements.