Bufo scaber, Baud., Hist. Kept., vol. viii, 1808, p. 194; Hist. Rain., 1808, p. 94, pi. xxxiv, fig. 1 ;
Latr., Hist. Rept., vol. ii, 1825, p. 184; Schleg., Abbild., 1887-44, p. 68, pi. xx, fig. 2;
Tschudi, Mem. Soc., Neuchat., 1889, vol. ii, p. 88; Dum. & Bib., vol. viii, 1841, p. 699.
Bufo lengalensis, Baud., Hist; Rain., 1808, p'. 96, pi. xxv, fig. 1 ; Hist. Rept., vol. viii, 1803,
p. 197 ; Less. Voy. Bélanger, Rept., 1884, p. 884.
Bufo carinatus, Gray, 111. Ind; Zool., 1832, vol. i, p. 88, fig. 1.
Bufo dubia (Shaw) Gray, 111. Ind. Zool., 1882, vol. i, p. 88, fig. 2.
Two specimens are from Prome, five from Ava, six from Ponsee, two from
Momien, and one from Hotha. In the two adults from Prome, a number of the"
tubercles between the two prominent metatarsal tubercles have united, evidently by
pressure, to form a flat black homy-like disc. The gradual formation of this disc
can be traced in the other specimens. In young individuals from Ponsee and
Momien, small tubercles occur far forwards on the top of the snout. The vertebral
series of large tubercles can hardly be distinguished from others in that region. The
bead of the large adult from Hotha is more triangular than in the Prome specimens.
In very young ones from Ava, the warts and all the tubercles on the bead defining the
position of the future ridges are bright pink. They have also a faint interocular band.
In travelling down the Irawady to Mandalay my attention was attracted one
evening, after my boat bad been moored for the night, by a lotid croaking, only a few
yards off, close by the margin of the river. The sound was so loud that I resolved
to ascertain what species produced it, and accordingly I bad a torch lit and proceeded
in the direction of | the sound, and soon came upon a pair of toads, seated
upon a floating bamboo, with up-lifted heads and dilated throats. They ceased
immediately the light approached, but began again after a few seconds, when
I secured both, and found that they were examples of this species. I was quite
unprepared to find that the very loud sound was produced by this species, as Cantor
has described its call as a plaintive chirping sound.
This toad is prevalent in Upper Burma and in the high country to the east as
far as Momien, where it is interesting to observe that it is associated with the newt
Tylototriton.
POLYPEDATIDÆ.
Genus P o l y p ë d a t E s , Hum. & Bib.
POLYPEDATES MARMORATUS, Blyth.
Bolypedaies marmoratus, Blyth., Joum. As. Soc., Bengal, 1856, vol. xxiv, p. 188; Theobald, Cat.
Rept. Mus. As. Soc., Bengal, Joum. As. Soc., Bengal, Ext. No. 1868, vol. xxxvii, p. 85 ;
Anderson, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1871, p. 209; Joum. As. Soc., Bengal, vol. xl, p. 88; Stoliczka,
Proc. As. Soc. Bengal, 1872, p. 108.
Bolypedates afghana, Günther, Cat. Brit. Sal., 1858, p. 81 ; Rept. Brit. Ind., 1864, p. 432.
Boli/pedates (?) marmoratus, Günther, Rept. Brit. Ind., 1864, p. 428.
Amolops afghanuS, Cope, Nat. Hist. Rev., 1865, p. 117.
Blyth’s example of this species was from Pegu ; but the species has since been
obtained in Sikkim, at an elevation of 3,000 feet, and also in the Khasia hills.
The Yunnan specimens were found at Ponsee in the Kakhyen hills at an elevation
of 3,500 feet.
These last-mentioned examples of the species exactly agree with the type of
P . afgha/na, Gunther, in the British Museum, and with the specimens in Calcutta
which yielded the P. marmoratus, Blyth, with the exception that the latter is
somewhat granular on the upper surface.
The type of P. afghana has the skin perfectly smooth; but the side, lower front
of the belly and around the vent are slightly glandular. The Yunnan specimens
entirely agree with it in these respects and in its .coloration, which above is brown,
being finely marbled or spotted with pale yellowish-brown, but so minutely that at
a distance the general colour appears to be brown. The under surface is pale
yellowish and unspotted.
In the British Museum there is a specimen from Darjeeling corresponding to
P . marmoratus, Blyth, and which, like it, has the upper surface very finely glandu-
larly granular, and the sides of the belly more coarsely so, The under surface of this
specimen is also immaculate. In another and still larger example conforming in its
colouring of its upper parts to the type P . afghana, the head and anterior portion of
the back are smooth ;* but the hinder part is finely glandularly tubercular, and the
sides, belly, and backs of the thighs likewise. This specimen has the chin and throat
brown spotted, as in the Yunnan examples.
POLYPEDATES YUNNANENSIS, n . S., P l a t e LXXVIII.
Head flat; eyes prominent; snout rather pointed. Canthus rostraiis rounded.
Loreal region concave. Tympanum more than one-half the diameter of the eye.
Nostril below canthus rostraiis, slightly nearer the end of the snout than the eye.
Vomerine teeth on two obliquer ridges convergent, but widely separated. Tongue
large, elongately cordate, markedly notched. Pirst and second fingers nearly equal
in length, the fourth about one-fifth shorter than the third; the second nearly one-
half shorter than the third. Thumb much swollen in the male. Toes long, the
fourth equalling one-fourth the length of the body, webbed to the disks, the membrane
being deeply emarginate on either side of the fourth toe, and less so between
the others. Disks of fingers and toes feebly developed. A tubercle at the base of
the first toe narrow and elongate, and a fringe along the digit, and another along
the distal half of the fifth toe; no second tubercle. A glandular fold from the eye
over the tympanum. A few large wart-like glands behind the angle of the mouth,
and an. interrupted series over the shoulder and along the sides in the position of the
fold in Mylar ana, with numerous wart-like glands below it. Small, yellow, pustular-
like tubercles on the wart-like glands of the side, and on the sacral region, and
still smaller ones on the upper lip, tympanic region, and on the outside of the limbs,
but absent in some of the specimens. The belly in the adult male, as far as the line
between the shoulders, is minutely granular, and at and beyond this point tho