directed forwards, and on the vertex molines to radiate. The tail has the same proportion
and characters as the tail of M. arctoides.
The skull of the type specimen of this supposed species is nearly in the same
state as the skulls of those forms of M. arctoides which have heen desoribed as M.
melanotus and M. brunnem, and the skull, if the downward compression and less
depth of the face are left out of view, has a strong resemblance to M. arctoides.
In the type M. melanotus, the depth through the orbital and supra-nasal margins
of the frontals to the palate is 1-80 inch, and in M. rufescens 1'55 inoh; in the specimen
in the British Museum referred to M. brmmeus it is T85, while in the adult M.
arctoides it is 2'25. The measurements in the table (p. 48) also show that it
is a shorter and narrower skull than the skull of the type of M. melanotus; hut
still the differences between them in these respects are so slight that were it
not for the vertical compression of the skull, and hence the peculiar type of
physiognomy of this stump-tailed monkey, I would have hesitated to have regarded
it as distinct from M. arctoides, of which it may ultimately prove to he only a more
southern race or variety.
Inhabits the Malayan peninsula.
M a o a c t i s m a u r u s , B . Cuvier.
Macacus maurus, F. Cuv. Hist. Nat. des Mamm. 1833, Avril, pl. xlv. ; Wagner, Schreler, SSugeth.
Suppl. vol. i. 1840, p. 146; LessoD, Sp. des Mammif. 1840 (in part), p. 09; Sohinz, Syn.
Maurm. voL i. 1844, p. 61 ; Is. Geoff. St.-Hil. Cat. Mfithod. dee Mamm. 1881, p. 31 ; Sclater,
Froc. Zool. Son. 1860, p. 420, 1871, p. 222; Marie, Proe. Zool. Soc, 1872, p. 721, 4 woodcuts
(pelvis and skull) ; A. M.-Edwards, Reeh. des Mammif. 1868-74, p. 228 ; Blyth, Joum. As.
Soc. Beng. vol. xliv. 1875, p. 7, ex. no.
Mugus maurus, Lesson, Man. de Mamm. 1827, p. 44.
Simia cuvieri, Fischer, Syn. Mamm. 1829, p. 80.
Cunocephalm nigcr (7), Quoy Se Gaimard, Yoy. de l'Astrolabe, Zool. vol. i.;18S0, p. 67.
Macacos arctoides, Is. Geoff. St-Hil Zool. da Voyage de Bélanger, 1834, p. 61 (in part) ; Lesson,
Sp. des Mammif, 1840, p. 98 (in part) ; Is. Geoff. St.-Hil. Arch, da Mas. vol. ii. (mpart) 1843,
p. 573.
Macaws melanotus, Scbinz (in parti, Syn. Mamm. vol. i. 1844, p. 59.
Jnnuus maurus, Vrolik, Todd's Cyclop, Anat. & Pbys. 1852, vol. iv. p. 197.
Macaws ifinmnopjgi) mcmatus, Gray, Proe. Zool. Soc. 1866, p. 202, ,pl. a x * Oat. Monkeys and
Lemurs, B. M. 1870, p. 129.
l'ace and ears black. Buttocks, surrounding ischia, flesh-coloured or rosy.
General colour of the animal sooty black, paler on the under surfaoe and darker
on the head. Tail short and stumpy.
The face is black, nearly nude, hut sparsely covered with short black hairs
on the upper lip. The nose is rather flat, and the nostrils slant outwards. The
ears are moderately sized and rounded, and only very sparsely covered with short
black hairs. On the side of the face the hairs extend inwards along the malar hone
and form a moderate whisker tuft. The hair on the cheeks, temporal region, and
occiput has a sooty tinge, but on the frontal region it is short and nearly black.
The general tint of the trunk is sooty black; but it pales on the lower side of the
neck, on the rump, and on the under parts of the body and on the inside of the
limbs, passing almost into gray on the inner side of the antibrachium and interior
femoral region and back of the thighs. Hair sparse on the groins and pubic region
and external to the callosities, this semi-nude area even extending on to the base of
the thighs. The tail is very short and rudimentary, and frequently more or less
twisted, black and almost nude, but slightly upwardly curved, and about the same
length as in M. arctoides.
In the young state the animal is less black than in the adult.
Length of body from muzzle to root of tail 21 inches ; length of tail 1 inch.
Inhabits Borneo.1
The skull of M. ma/u/rus is at once distinguished from the skulls of the preceding
Macaques by the flattening of the outer surface of the exterior margin of the
orbits, which is nearly vertical instead of being outwardly rounded, and the external
margins are high. This confers a narrow, elongated character to the face of the
animal, very characteristic of the species. Moreover, the malar portion of the
zygomatic arch is thrown forwards much more than in M. arctoides. The
region above the orbits is flat, and may either be concave or convex, depending
on difference of age. The nasal region is broad, with short, rather abruptly
expanded nasals. Dr. Murie has described the osteological features of this species
in detail.
The Aru Islands are inhabited by a monkey which, if not identical with
M. mcmrus, is at least so closely allied to it that I hesitate to separate it. I t is
distinguished from M. mcmrus, not by any difference in colouring, but by the
profuse character, great length, and density of its fur on its ventral aspect, which
is quite as dense and long as on the upper surface. A skull deposited in the British
Museum along with the skin presents certain differences from the skull of M.
mawrus, and it is mature, and, apparently from the size of its canines, the
individual was a female. The muzzle is long and narrow and much thrown
forwards, and the orbits are more rounded and open than in M. maurus, and the
nasal portion is more compressed and ridge-like, and the nasals are narrow and
elongated and markedly different from those of that species. The palate also is
very deep, and the base of the skull is broader than that of M. maurus.
M a c a c u s o c r e a t u s , Ogilby.
Papig ocreatus, Ogilby, Proe. Zool. Soe. 1840, p. 56; Ann. Nat. Hist. 1841, vol. vi. p. 517.
Macacus fusco-ater, Schinz, Syn. Mamm. vol. i. 1844, p. 58 ; Sclater, Proe. Zool. Soe. 1860, p.- 420;
Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. vol. xliv. 1875, ex. no. p. 7.
Iniws (Inuus) fusco-ater, Wagner, Schreber, Saugeth. Suppl. vol. v. 1855, p. 59.
T his monkey is not unfrequently brought to Calcutta from Singapore, which port it reaches in steamers from
Pontiana, on the west coast of Borneo.
L